أهمية ثقافة الحوار في الإسلام وجهود المملكة العربية السعودية في نشرها

This is the unique quality of Islam that it respects all the religions. It strictly opposes the preaching of religion based on enforcement, power, misconduct, and discrimination and promotes the culture of dialogue to create an atmosphere of harmony. In this way, it emphasis upon the trends of mutual understanding and cooperation. Allah Almighty has directed it because commonalities on dialogue the start to (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy enhances the interfaith harmony. This research work discusses the importance of culture of dialogue in Islam and highlights the efforts of the KSA in disseminating and promoting that culture at national, regional and international levels. It also refers to the efforts exerted by official and non-official Saudi institutions in advocating dialogue and rapprochement between sects in different societies, promoting peaceful coexistence among different religions and civilizations, and activating conferences and scientific seminars that discuss dialogue and peaceful coexistence. In this research, I used the deductive analysis methodology and concluded that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia serves Islam by: -Opening the horizons of communication and exchange of knowledge with the other in order to provide a true picture of Islam. -Working to promote the real teachings of Islam in terms of tolerance and passion. -Cooperating in spreading security, peace, virtuous values and building a global system of ethics.

Soft Computing Methodologies for Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources in Smart Grid Adaptive Control

Soft Computing Methodologies for Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources in Smart Grid Adaptive Control Owing to the evolution of the smart grid, the emergence of hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) and the proliferation of plug-in-hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), the development of efficient and robust maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms for renewable energy sources due to their inherent intermittent nature has overwhelmed the power industry. The HRES is a looming power generation scheme due to the plentiful availability of renewable energy sources (RESs). The renewable energy sources are intermittent in nature due to uncertain meteorological conditions. The residential and charging station loads behave in an erratic manner. In this scenario, to maintain the balancebetweengenerationanddemand, thedevelopmentofanintelligentandadaptive control algorithm has preoccupied power engineers and researchers. This research work presents the indirect adaptive tracking control of renewable energy sources in a grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system. The instantaneous nonlineardynamicsneedtobecapturedonlinetoharvestthemaximumpowerefficientlyfrom renewable energy sources. An adaptive Chebyshev-wavelet embedded NeuroFuzzy indirect MPPT control (ACWNF-MPPT) paradigm is proposed for variable speed wind energy conversion system (VS-WECS). An adaptive feedback linearization-based NeuroFuzzy MPPT (AFBLNF-MPPT) algorithm for a photovoltaic energy conversion system(PVECS)andanadaptiveHermite-waveletincorporatedNeuroFuzzyindirecttracking control (AHWNF) scheme for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) are developed. The charging infrastructure plays a vital role in the healthy and rapid development of electric vehicles industry. The charging station (CS) which consists of five different PHEVs and a battery storage system (BSS) is integrated to a grid-connected HRES having wind turbineMPPTcontrolledsubsystem, photovoltaicMPPTcontrolledsubsystemandcontrolled SOFC with electrolyzer subsystem which are characterized as renewable energy sources. Adaptive PID (AdapPID) control paradigm is used for non-renewable energy source (micro-turbine), storage system (battery and super-capacitor), grid side inverter and the charging station (CS converter, battery storage system (BSS), PHEVs). A comprehensive simulation test-bed for a grid-connected HRES is developed in Matlab/Simulink. The performance of the stated indirect adaptive control paradigms are evaluated through simulation results by comparison with conventional and intelligent control schemes. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed control paradigms.