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Investigation on Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Yeasts Associated With Healthy Plants

Thesis Info

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Author

Jamal, Ayesha

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Karachi

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Botany

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11857/1/Ayesha%20jamal%20botany%202019%20uok%20karachi%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726512639

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The exposure of crops to a variety of fungal and bacterial diseases leads to their huge losses both in quantity and quality. Different strategies are being adopted to control of these diseases among which the use of chemical pesticides is a common one. But the health risk due to chemical exposure is being associated with this common method. The application of biological control antagonists (BCAs) can provide a positive plus promising alternative to chemicals. Many mycelial fungi and bacteria have proved to be good antagonists against several plant pathogens, but less literature is available, in contrast, for the use of yeasts as biological antagonists. This study was an effort to evaluate the biocontrol efficiency of indigenous endophytic yeasts associated with healthy plants against different root rot pathogens. Hundred yeast strains were isolated from different vegetative parts of healthy plants belonging to seven genera. Out of hundred yeasts tested, sixty-nine isolates showed inhibitory effect during in vitro assay against Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, and Macrophomina phaseolina, to varying degrees. Maximum inhibitory effect against root rotting fungi was observed by yeast strains KUAY-17, KUAY-34, KUAY-62. Out of hundred yeast isolates, sixty-nine isolates repressed the mycelial growth of the three tested fungi viz., Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseolina. No yeast was effective against Rhizoctonia solani during in vitro testing. KUAY-34, 62 and 66 caused maximum inhibition of F. solani while F. oxysporum was greatly suppressed by KUAY-9, 25, 34, 38 and 62. Mycelial growth of M. phaseolina was restricted greatly by KUAY-5, 9, 34 38 and 62. Eleven yeast isolates showed 100% nematicidal activity against second stage juveniles of root knot nematodes after 48 hours, while other strains killed the juveniles to varying degrees. Out of 15 isolates tested for Indole Acetic Acid production, 2 yeast isolates produced maximum concentration of IAA in vitro, whereas, all the tested yeast isolates exhibited the phosphate solubilization property. The effective yeast strains were subjected to testing for their biocontrol activity in screen house experiments using Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) and Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) as test crops. The yeasts were able to inhabit the roots of test crops when applied externally to plants in sterilized soil. They significantly enhanced the growth of tested plants. In soil, having naturally infestation of root rotting fungi, the application of endophytic yeasts not only reduced the incidence of pathogens but also promoted the plant growth. Out of 17 tested yeast isolates, 4 isolates, viz., KUAY-5, KUAY-17, KUAY-34 and KUAY-62 exhibited great potential of reducing fungal pathogens along with the promotion of plant growth both in screen house experiments as well as under field conditions. The combined treatment of yeasts and neem cake had positive impact on plants growth and on the suppression of fungal pathogens. The application of yeast isolate KUAY-62 also increased the nodulation in the roots of mungbean plants. A notable increase was observed in the phosphorus uptake and antioxidant activity in the plants treated with endophytic yeasts. Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) in the plants have an imperative role in fighting with pathogens. In the current study, the application of endophytic yeasts improved the status of phenolic compounds and salicylic acid in the test crops which contributed towards the obliteration of pathogens and promotion of plant growth under field conditions.
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محمد جمیل پروازؔ

محمد جمیل پروازؔ(۱۹۳۹ء۔۲۰۰۲ء) سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے ۔لیکن ان کی رہائش تحصیل سمڑیال میں تھی۔ آپ حبیب بینک میں اعلیٰ عہدے پر فائز رہے۔ ۱۹۶۰ء میں انھوں نے شعر و شاعری کا آغاز کیا۔ (۹۵۵)’’ لب اظہار ‘‘جمیل پرواز کا پہلا غزلیہ شعری مجموعہ ہے۔ جو ۱۹۹۷ء میں کاغذی پیرہن لاہور نے شائع کیا۔ دوسرا شعری مجموعہ ۱۹۹۹ء میں ’’پرواز‘‘ بھی کاغذی پیرہن نے شائع کیا۔ جمیل پرواز کا تیسرا شعری مجموعہ’’ کانٹوں کے ساتھ ساتھ‘‘ کاغذی پیرہن لاہور سے اپریل ۲۰۰۰ء میں شائع ہوا۔ آپ کا چوتھا شعری مجموعہ ’’جلتے ہاتھ‘‘ علم و عرفان پبلشرز لاہور نے طبع کیا۔

جمیلؔ پرواز ایک قادر الکلام شاعر ہیں۔ انھوں نے غزل کے ساتھ ساتھ دیگر اصناف سخن میں بھی طبع آزمائی کی ہے۔ پرواز ایک رجائی شاعر ہیں۔ حالات جیسے بھی ہوں ان کے ہاں نا امیدی اور یاسیت نظر نہیں آتی۔ وہ زندگی کے مثبت پہلوؤں کو دیکھنے والے انسان اور شاعر ہیں:

زندگی کا ہر کسی کو حوصلہ دیتا ہوں میں

 

گردشِ دوراں کو یوں اکثر سزا دیتا ہوں میں

 

سوادِ تیرگی میں روشنی تقسیم کرتا ہوں

 

دیارِ بے دلاں میں زندگی تقسیم کرتا ہوں

(۹۵۶)

¿جمیل پروازؔ کی شاعری میں ایسے متعدد اشعار موجود ہیں جن میں آپ نے اپنے اندر کی دنیا کا منظر دکھانے کی کوشش کی ہے ۔وہ بڑے مخلص انسان تھے لیکن زندگی میں انھیں کوئی مخلص انسان نہیں ملا۔ جس کا اظہار ان کی شاعری میں جا بجا ملتا ہے۔ داخلیت ان کی شاعری میں بدرجہ اتم موجود ہے۔ دوستوں کی بے وفائی اور بے مروتی کا اظہار بھی اکثر ان کے اشعار میں دیکھا جا سکتاہے:

ہمارے ساتھ چلے...

شاہ ولی اللہ کی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں خانگی نظام: ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

Every Human being needs family system to live with dignity. There is joint family system, and separate family system in practice in Muslim Societies. Shah Waliullah gave concept of ideal family system. The ingredients of ideal family system of Shah Waliullah are Nikāḥ, Siblings, Property, Love and Society. People faced many problems for living respectfully, and born grave losses due to war. Shah Waliullah not only taught us religious teachings but also guided us how to make our socio- economic system strong as well as family system. In this article, his teachings and thoughts about family system have been discussed.

An Integrative Model of Personality, Conflict Management Styles and Emotional Labour

An Integrative Model of Personality, Conflict Management Styles and Emotional Labour With the rise and progress of service industry, emotional labour has become an inevitable part of organizational life, which has proven detrimental effects for the employee as well as organizational wellbeing. So, the managers try to seek ways to remove or at least decrease emotional labour. This research was an effort to find out ways to overcome this problem. The purpose of this study was to empirically test, the mediating role of relationship conflict and conflict management styles in the relationship between personality and emotional labour. Stratified random sampling technique was applied and gender (male/female) was taken as strata. An analytical and non-experimental research design was used with a randomly selected sample of 450 managers in the banking sector. Structural equation modeling technique was used to analyze the hypothesized model. Good fit of data to the hypothesized model was attained in the final analysis (CMIN/DF = 1.479; GFI = 0.998; AGFI = 0.984; CFI = 0.999; RMSEA = 0.033; NFI = 0.997; TLI = 0.995 and RMR=0.015). The results revealed that conflict management styles fully mediated the relationship between personality and emotional labour and certain conflict management styles had diminishing while others have exacerbating effect upon emotional labour. The results also emphasized the importance of employee’s personality in suggesting his/her emotional labour behaviour. Besides this the findings indicated that personality is a great cause of relationship conflict and at the same time it is a great predictor of the choice of emotional labour strategies, as well as of the choice of conflict management styles. The findings of this study gave an insight to the managers in service organizations to understand that, they should take into consideration, personality traits of a potential candidate while hiring new employees, and emotional labour and personality characteristics of individuals while setting job assignments. It further showed the significance of individual differences such as gender in understanding the differential impact of emotional labour on employees working in service roles. xi Keywords: Conflict management styles, emotional labour, relationship conflict, personality traits, gender, structural equation modeling.