خون حرا م ہے: حلال انڈسٹری کے بنیادی قرآنی معیار کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Healthy nourishment depends on healthy food. General consideration of people is of being the food safe and edible for human consumption not its effect on their spiritual selves but the Islamic terms Ḥalāl and Ḥarām emphasis on both physical and internal safety. Islam commands to avoid doubtful and dubious things rather than to use Ḥarām. The unprecedented evolution and advancement of science and technology caused a revolution in the food-science and technology as well. Many new and innovative flavors etc. Took place of organic and natural consumables. Accordingly, the Muslims were in dire need of a robust system which would be able to convince them of the Ḥalāl status of the daily consumables. The article investigates the Sharī’ah stand on the issue of blood in the light of Qur’ān, Sunnah and comparative jurisprudence study, and modern sciences related to blood. Keeping in mind the Globalized Halal Industry all the researched is coupled with combined comparative study of all Schools of Islamic Fiqh, to make easy the way of Unified Halaal Standard regarding the blood. Under the main title The paper comprises subtopics of an introduction and few chapters, which deal with definition and functions of blood, types of blood, difference between blood of aquatic and land animals, comparative study of modern sciences related to blood and Shariah status of use of the blood in various industries in term of Halal and Haram.

Pre- Clinical and Clinical Evaluation of Folk Medicinal Plants of Cholistan Desert for Antidiabetic Activity

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease and one of the most important public health challenges facing mankind. The use of the folkloric remedies for the wellbeing of the mankind has been in practice since ancient times. Citrullus colocynthis (Cucurbitaceae), Capparis decidua (Capparaceae) and Fagonia cretica L. (Zygophyllaceae) are the medicinal plants used widely in Punjab, Pakistan. A recent survey has demonstrated that traditional healers and herbalists frequently use these plants to treat diabetes. Initially all the three plants were characterized in vitro and in vivo animal studies to identify the most potent plant amongst these. In the current study, the traditional medicine (TM) of the most effective plant (Fagonia cretica L.) was prepared as a tea and the profile of the main metabolites present in TM, was analyzed via LC/MS/MS. The TM inhibits α-glucosidase in vitro with an IC50 of 4.62±0.27 μg/ml. The hypoglycemic effect of the TM was evaluated in normoglycemic and Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide treated diabetic rats, using glibenclamide as internal control. The hypoglycemic effects were observed upto 3 hrs. The preparation (250 or 500mg/kg body weight) was administered one a day for 21 consecutive days. The dose of 500mg/kg was effective in the management of the disease causing a 45% decrease in plasma glucose level at the end of experimental period on Day 21. Histological analysis of pancreatic sections confirmed that STZ/NIC treatment caused destruction of pancreatic islet cells while pancreatic sections from treatment groups showed that both the extract and Glibenclamide partially prevented this deterioration. The mechanism of this protective effect is unclear. The radical scavenging potential of the ethyl acetate fraction (93%) and the cytotoxic efficiency (4.7±0.21) of the dichloromethane fraction is an edge of Fagonia cretica L. over the other plants under investigation. However, such a finding coupled with the safety profile observed by the biochemical parameters as marker of toxicity, suggests that ingestion of the tea could confer addition benefits and should be investigated further. The formulated tablets of Fagonia cretica L. lyophilized powder showed the physical variables of the formulation (Weight variation, Hardness, Friability and Disintegration) within the pharmacopoeial (BP) limits. The clinical trials of the formulation conducted at Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur have further proven the efficacy of this folkloric medicinal plant in the management of the disease. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels coupled with glycosylated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c -an excellent tool to assess the glycemic control over the entire period of time) confirms the claims made by the local healers of the area. Glycaemic control and the safety profile at preliminary levels suggest the incorporation of this folkloric remedy of the area into the treatment options for the management of the disease. However long term clinical trials on lager number of subjects and safety profile for a longer period of time are necessary elements for the integration of this important plant into the main stream treatment options. We have the faith on the basis of the undertaken studies that use of the remedy made from lyophilized powder of the plant extract could be a supportive tool for the claim made by the local healers for the management of disease in Pakistan.