Raheel Ahmed
Nasir Ali
PhD
International Islamic University
Islamabad
Islamabad.
Pakistan
2019
Completed
Mathemaics
English
http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10733/1/Raheel%20Ahmed_Maths_2019_IIU_PRR.pdf
2021-02-17 19:49:13
2024-03-24 20:25:49
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منزلِ شوق کے رنگ
ڈاکٹر نوید عاجزؔ
ڈاکٹر فہد ملک کا پہلا تعارف انسانیت کے مسیحا کا ہے۔ لیکن وہ روح کی مسیحائی پر یقین رکھتے ہوئے شاعری کو مقدم گردانتے ہیں۔ سچائی، خلوص اور انسان دوستی کی صفات اُن کی شخصیت کی تعمیر میں کلیدی حیثیت رکھتی ہیں۔ چونکہ وہ شاعری کو شخصیت کے اظہار کا وسیلہ تصور کرتے ہیں، اس لیے ان کے کلام میں بھی مذکورہ صفات پوری آب و تاب کے ساتھ جلوہ گر نظر آتی ہیں۔ وہ کہتے ہیں:
عداوتوں کو تیرگی، وفا کو روشنی کہا
تمام عمر ہم نے تو جو سچ تھا بس وہی کہا
غزل کی روایت کا ایک موضوع احباب کی بے وفائی کا ہے۔ یہ موضوع اس قدر آفاقیت کا حامل ہے کہ ہر دور و ہر دیار میں پنپتا ہوا مل جائے گا۔ہمارے معاشرتی نظام میں دولت کی چمک دمک انسان کے ضمیر کو سلا کر وقتی مفادات پر مبنی فیصلے لینے پر مجبور کر دیتی ہے لیکن بے وفائی کی کوئی توجیہہ قابلِ قبول نہیں۔ یہ موضوع شاعری کا سدا بہار حصہ ہے۔ بقول فہد ملک:
ہم راہ دیکھتے رہے تھے جس کی عمر بھر
وہ شہر میں جو آیا تو ہم سے نہیں ملا
فہد کے اندر حساس انسان اُسے غور و فکر پر اکسائے رکھتا ہے، جس کی دلیل یہ ہے کہ اس کے ہاں فلسفیانہ مزاج کے اشعار ملتے ہیں۔ وجودی کرب انسان کا مقدر ہے۔ جو شخص دنیا میں آ گیا ہے وہ غم ہائے روزگار سے جان نہیں چھڑا سکتا۔ میرؔ و غالبؔ سے قاسمیؔ اور فرازؔ تک سبھی اس کرب کو محسوس کرتے اور پھر بیان کرتے نظر آتے ہیں۔ انسانی تخلیق کے حوالے سے فہد بھی اسی کرب سے گزرتے ہوئے لکھتا ہے:
اس گردشِ جہان کا مارا ہوا وجود
لے جائیں ہم کہاں بھلا ہارا ہوا وجودLine Item Budgeting on Labor Costs to the Level of Income
Library research is a data collection technique through the library in the form of literature books, and lecture materials that are relevant to the problem under study. In this study, the authors used the following data collection methods Research library (library research) It is a data collection technique through the library in the form of literature books, and lecture materials that are relevant to the problem under study. Field research (field research) is direct retrieval of the object under study by taking the following steps Observation, namely data collection through direct observation of the object under study, Interviews, namely conducting interviews with leaders and parties interested in the object of research. Modification and Characterization of Wild and Commercial Gums for Their Pharmaceutical Potential
The present study was conducted to investigate the pharmaceutical potential of wild and commercial gums. After the process of purification, Dalbergia sissoo and Acacia modesta were selected for the present research among the eight initially selected gums. For the use of gum as binder in tablet the physiochemical characteristics such as pH, fluorescence analysis, swelling index and rheological studies were determined. Both selected gums were acidic in nature. D. sissoo and A. modesta showed light brown and creamy color in fluorescent analysis, respectively. The viscosity measurements were made by the rheological analysis and D. sissoo and A. modesta provide different rheological pattern. The aqueous solution of crude A. modesta was more viscous than D. sissoo. Carbohydrates were present in high concentrations determined through proximate and biochemical analysis. The elemental profiles of crude gums were studied by the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and significant number of elements was recorded. Crude gums exhibited a number of drawbacks in their application that can be overcome by hydrolyzed and modified to improve the functional properties of biopolymers. The selected gum were hydrolyzed (acidic, basic and enzymatic) and modified (polyacrylamide grafting and carboxymethylation).The antioxidant activities of crude, hydrolyzed and modified gums were determined and the selected samples exhibited significant antioxidant potential. The antimicrobial, toxicological studies viz. antimutagenic and hemolytic analyses were performed. All the tested gums samples exhibit good antibacterial activity. All samples were found non-mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100, and did not show significant hemolytic activity. The structural characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscope, 12 thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning colorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction. The change in viscosity after hydrolysis and modification was analyzed by performing the flow test. There was a decrease in viscosity of crude gum after hydrolysis and modification. Gum based silver-nanoparticles were prepared on the basis of green chemistry principle and possess important microbial applications. Nanoparticles prepared by using both gum showed synergistic high antibacterial activity. The potential of D. sissoo and A. modesta to be used as tablet binder was determined. Bulk and tapped density, hausner’s ratio and carr’s index of the prepared granules were studied. After the formation of tablets, the weight uniformity, hardness, friability, disintegration time and drug release were determined. Hydroxypropyl Methycellulose (HPMC) is used as standard binder. The prepared tablets using gums showed faster and slower dissolution profiles in the same dissolution system. The crude gums have the highest dissolution rate. While the dissolution rate was decreased in the case of modified and hydrolyzed gum samples. The crude gums showing slower release can be useful in sustained release tablets as release controlling polymer / viscoslysing agent. And the hydrolyzed and modified gums having faster release rate are helpful in conventional tablet formulation. The current research comprehensively explored the selected gums for their application as biobinder as well as matrix for nanoparticles studies. In future, these results of selected gum may be used in pharmaceutical field on the pilot or industrial scale as biobinder and other applications like prebiotic for probiotics and green material for nanoscience etc.