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Pharmacological & Toxicological Evaluation of Matricaria Recutita

Thesis Info

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Author

Saeed Khan, Saira

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Karachi

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Pharmacology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12911/1/Saira_Saeed_Khan_Pharmacology_HSR_2016_UoK_Karachi_02.11.2018.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726874688

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Matricaria recutita L. (chamomile tea) is widely used as tea all over the world for variety of ailments. It is renowned medicinal herb in Southern and Eastern Europe. In the present study chamomile tea was evaluated for CNS activities. Different behavioral activities for anxiety and depression were tested. The administration of chamomile produced a significant reduction of the cage crossing, head dips and the time spent in light compartment on day 7th indicating its anxiolytic effect. Chamomile tea produced significantly increased struggling time and the time spent in central compartment after 30 and 60 days representing its antidepressant role after prolonged use. Chamomile tea also improved learning ability in both rats and mice after 60 days administration. In the present study we have assessed the antioxidant effects of chamomile tea in chlorpromazine induced cataleptic oxidative stress in rats. The chamomile tea extract has protected rats from catalepsy as compared to the negative control group and the results were almost like standard drug, Levodopa. In present study we have evaluated the antidiabetic activity of chamomile tea. There was a decrease in the fasting, post parandial blood glucose and HbA1C levels and the results were comparably similar to that of glibenclamide treated rats, used as standard. We studied the anti-inflammatory of chamomile tea extract. Our results indicate that use of chamomile tea was able to attenuate paw inflammation, as compared to control and showed almost similar effects as ibuprofen used as standard. We also analyzed the analgesic effects of chamomile tea extract in mice and showed significant increase in the latency time at 30 min and 60 min only on chronic dosing. The study was conducted in rats to investigate the effects of chamomile tea on coagulation, hematological parameters and biochemical parameters such as lipid, hepatic, electrolytes and renal profile. There was decrease in the level of fibrinogen in rats after 30 and 60 days of administration of chamomile tea. The levels of aPTT were maintained indicating that chamomile tea can be used safely without any risk of bleeding. The administration of chamomile tea highly significantly increased the number of RBCs, Hb and platelets on day 30th and 60th, indicating positive effects on hematological parameters. There was increase in the levels of total bilirubin on day 30th and 60th however the values are within normal range. Levels of SGPT were slightly raised on day 60th, but within normal limits. The levels of ALP were increased but were not in hepatotoxic range. The slight increase in the levels of GGT also requires further investigation to ensure that chamomile tea is completely safe and has no adverse effects on liver. The chamomile tea administration initially increased the levels of sodium and chloride while the levels of potassium were reduced as compared to control animals. The levels of potassium are particularly increased on day 60th and hence result in compensatory decrease in the level of sodium and chloride but are still greater than control animals. In our present study chamomile tea has significantly reduced the levels of urea. The levels of creatinine were initially increased on day 30th but were normalized on prolonged use, indicating that chamomile tea is not renally toxic and can be safely used. The data from current study indicates that the widely used chamomile tea has antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential. It can play a beneficial role in anxiety and other psychiatric diseases such as depression. Overall results did not reveal any significant toxicity. Further studies are required to confirm the mechanism of its observed pharmacological, biochemical and hematological effects.
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وہ کم کم یاد رکھتا ہے زیادہ بھول جاتا ہے

وہ کم کم یاد رکھتا ہے زیادہ بھول جاتا ہے
ہمیشہ کر کے وعدہ اپنا وعدہ بھول جاتا ہے

ارادہ کر تو لیتا ہے وہ میرا ساتھ دینے کا
مگر اکثر یہ ہوتا ہے ارادہ بھول جاتا ہے

بھلا دیتے ہیں ایسے شخص کو سب خانداں والے
جو اپنی اصل ، اپنا خانوادہ بھول جاتا ہے

کشادہ گھر بنا لیتا ہے جو زردار ہوتا ہے
مگر رکھنا وہ اپنا دل کشادہ بھول جاتا ہے

اگر چالاک ہوتا یاد رکھتا تہمتیں سب کی
یقیں مانو کہ تائبؔ ہے جو سادہ بھول جاتا ہے

جدید مالیاتی ادارے اور تقسیم زکوۃ

One of the main features of the property that Islam does not allow the wealth is concentrated around few peoples; any group or class of society, but according to Islamic point of view money should be in circulation so that poor class of the society could enjoy this blessing from Almighty Allah. Zakat Distribution System is a system of fair procedure for this world by Islam; if it is implemented with true spirit of Islam it can end poverty from the society. Islam obligate rich people of the society to distribute Zakat from their wealth amongst poor people however Islam has ordered not to receiver Zakat more than their needs so that it could be distribute to other poor people of the society. Zakat is an important and has significance in Islam. Islamic law imposed the duty on the Islamic government to collect Zakat from the rich and distribute it to the poor of the society, which caused not only undermined the dignity of the poor. Islamic law imposed the duty on Islamic government to take steps of receiving Zakat. If the government imposed the proper procedures in current banks and other financial institutions to receive Zakat from the rich people of the society and distribute it amongst the poor of the society than it could help to get rid of poverty from the society and it also help for the stability of the economy of any Country?

Efficacy of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Neemex Against Meloidogyne Incognita Kofoid and White Chitwood on Eggplant in Relation to Nutrients Uptake

Currently chemical nematicides are the major means to manage plant parasitic nematodes but these are costly and injurious to human health and environment. Research was carried out on an important plant parasitic nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and its management through the integration of mycorrhizal fungi (MF) and neemex during 2011 to 2013 in green house and field conditions. Various experiments for effect of different dose levels of mycorrhizal fungi (100 g, 150 g and 200 g), neemex (5 g, 10 g and 15 g) and their combination on M. incognita infectivity parameters (Number of galls, egg masses, females, J2/root system and J2/100 cm3 soil), plant growth (root weight, root length, shoot weight and shoot length), nutrients (Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) uptake were conducted. Effect of mycorrhizal fungi and neemex on invasion and development by M. incognita was evaluated under green house conditions. Protective and curative effect of mycorrhizal fungi and neemex alone and in combination was tested against M. incognita, plant growth and nutrients uptake by eggplant. Systemic and local effect of mycorrhizal fungi and neemex was evaluated by using split root technique under green house. Management of M. incognita by mycorrhizal fungi and neemex was also evaluated in micro plot under field conditions. Number of galls, egg masses, females, J2/root system and J2/100 cm3 soil were recorded the maximum in untreated control when performed in green house as compared to other treatments. While plant growth parameters like root weight was higher in control but less in other treatments. Root length, shoot length and shoot weight was higher in treatments of all experiments as compared to control. Major nutrients (NPK) uptake was the maximum at higher dose of MF as compared to un-inoculated healthy plant and inoculated with neemex. Invasion and development by M. incognita was observed lower in mycorrhizal and neemex treated plant roots while maximum nematode developmental stages were observed in control. Mycorrhizal fungi and neemex either local or systemic successfully reduced the infection of M. incognita. Nematode infectivity parameters were reduced; plant growth and nutrient contents were enhanced by the mycorrhizal fungi and neemex either alone or in combination under field conditions and can be used successfully for the biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita.