Immunization crisis may develop due to economic crisis during COVID-19 pandemic

COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis with 61, 149,391 confirmed cases and 370,478 deaths till 29May, 2020 [1]. This pandemic has shattered many economies with an estimated loss of $5.8 trillion to $8.8 trillion globally. This economic loss can result in reduction in funds to World Health Organization. Unfortunately, United States of America (USA) has announced termination of any further funding to WHO which can lead to another global health crisis[2]. As WHO is a voluntary funding based organization its main donor are America, China, Japan, Germany and United Kingdom. Among these USA is the main donor with a contribution of $115.8million alone followed by China $57.4 million, Japan $41million, Germany $29.1 million and UK $21.9 million [3].  America’s termination of funding can put WHO and child health programs in serious crisis. Among many programs run by WHO one of the most important program is immunization of children. Immunization coverage programs  save 2-3 million livesper year causing decline in measles related deaths, eradication of polio, surveillance of rotavirus, BCG and DTaP vaccination in children[4]. It is estimated that during MillenniumDevelopment Goal (MDG) there is overall decline in child related mortalities due to malaria, measles, diarrhea, AIDS and meningitis [5]. Remarkable results are achieved with measles are diarrhea immunization programs causing a decline in death rate by 73% and 80% respectively. According to a study with current success rate diarrhea related deaths can be virtually eliminated by 2030. Another successful program is “End Polio” program which eradicated polio from world except from Pakistan and Afghanistan [4][6]. This termination of funds to WHO can waste all previous efforts in developing countries. On the other hand despite of all efforts still 19.4 million children did not received prescribed dose of vaccines. Data analysis revealed among these  60% of children belong to 10 developing countries namelyAngola, Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines and Viet Nam [4]. These countries mainly rely on foreign funding and Non-Government Organization (NGOs) for child health care programs.

جہاد اور دہشت گردی

Thesis is composed of seven chapters, which consists of Introduction, recommendations, contents, objectives and goals. Bibliography (original and secondary sources), result of the research and proposals are placed at the end of the Thesis. First Chapter is titled as introduction of Islam and it consists of five sub-chapters and endnotes. I have described the different aspects of Islam according to the Quran, Hadith and opinions of different scholars (Jurisprudents). I have also described the view point of Imam Abu Hanifa regarding 'man (Faith) and Islam in the light of Teachings of Quran and Hadith. The arena of Islam, Economic affairs of Islam, Law of inheritance, Dawaah and Management of Islamic State has also been described in this chapter. The importance of the policy of Islam for maintaining the security of life, wealth and property of the people has also been highlighted in this chapter. Second Chapter is titled as Definition of Jihad, legality of Jihad, Merits and its classification and it consists of three sub-chapters and endnotes. In this Chapter, I have discussed under which condition, the Jihad, Qital (Killing) is permitted according to the Shariah and the opinion of Islamic Scholars (jurisprudents) has also been highlighted. Third Chapter is titled as Objectives of Jihad Conditions of jihad and its arena. It consists of four sub- chapters and endnotes. The scenario of Jihad, its appeal to the people, relation between Iman and Jihad, its objectives, and the strategy of Prophet's Wars have been discussed in this Chapter. Fourth Chapter is titled as Suicide, Extremism and Fundamentalism - In the light of Islam. It consists of three sub-chapters and endnotes. In this chapter, I have discussed comparatively religious fanaticism, committing suicide and suicide attack in the name of war and Jihad. After discussing these aspects, I have proved that Islam is a moderate religion. Fifth Chapter is titled as Introduction to Terrorism and it consists of four sub-chapters and endnotes. In this Chapter, I have clarified the difference between Jihad and Terrorism, Origin of Jihad and its gradual development and comparison of Jihad and Crusade. Sixth Chapter is titled as Terrorism, its classification, reasons behind terrorism, its influence on Muslim World. It consists of five sub-chapters and endnotes. In this Chapter statistics of terrorist attacks, functions of different terrorist groups, relation of different intelligence groups behind the terrorist groups and their evil tendencies, have been discussed. Seventh Chapter is titled a Comparison of Jihad and Terrorism. It consists of four sub-chapters and endnotes. Examples of toleration during/after Holy War and the fair and kind treatment extended to the enemies have been described in detail. The highhanderness of the enemines and the cruel behaviour have also been highlighted. In the end recommendations have been made to the Government Organizations and Departments for implementation of the findings of the Research Study.