8. Al-Anfal/The Spoils of War
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
08:01
O The Prophet!
They ask you about the spoils of war to whom do they belong?
Tell them:
‘The spoils of war belong to Allah and The Messenger Muhammad.
So be mindful of Allah in reverence, awe, and piety, and
in case of disputes resolve them amicably and maintain good relations among yourselves.
And obey Allah and HIS Messenger, if you are true believers.’
08:02
Indeed, the true believers are those whose hearts fill up with awe whenever they are
reminded of Allah,
and whose faith is further strengthened whenever HIS Messages are recited out to them,
and who put their trust in their Rabb - The Lord to take care of their affairs.
08:03
It is they who establish the Salat/Prayers,
and spend in the Cause of Allah of what WE provide for them.
08:04
It is they – they are the true believers.
For them are high ranks of honor and dignity with their Rabb - The Lord,
as well as forgiveness of sinful trespasses, and
generous provisions in Paradise.
08:05
A similar situation of dispute arose when your Rabb - The Lord caused you to leave your home to fight for the Cause of Truth,
although a group of the believers were, in fact, unwilling to do it,
08:06
…. arguing with you about the truth even after it had become quite clear
as if they were being driven to their own death with their eyes wide open.
08:07
And remember even when Allah was promising you that one of the two enemy groups will be yours,
although...
This paper is an attempt to elaborate and highlight the attributes and qualities of leading specialists and reformative factors of Islamic society blessed with moral par-excellence known asṢūfiyā and‘Ulamā’. As unfortunately, with an exception of few, these responsible characters have gone astray following ill commanding self like a wolf in sheep’s dress hiding their harmful aspects with friendly appearance. These so-called knowledge spreading elements and spiritual mentors are also accountable to disparage the values and thought associated with Islamic system of learning and self-purification. So, it is necessary to remove the curtain in order to visit the real picture of Taṣawwaf. For this purpose, a book ‘Kashf al-Maḥjūb’ of great Sufi scholar Syed Alī bin ‘Uthmān al Hujvairī (R.A)has been selected to examine analytically how he discussed the situation in the light of Qur’ān and Sunnah elaborating the misconduct and bad behavior of under discussed. One who disguised himself instead of having conflict between his internality (self) to that of externality. The habits and attitude of imperfect Ṣūfiyā and the misleading ‘Ulamā’ and their injurious impact on society have been discussed by Alī Hujvairī (R.A) in his comprehensive treatise. The author also setout a strategy to know how to get rid of these so-called Ṣūfiyā and‘Ulamā’ and suggested various outlines and framework for recuperation in order to save the humanity from their lethal side effects.
The work in this thesis describes the synthesis and characterization of phenoxy isobutyric acid derivatives and their biological screening which includes anti-bacterial, antioxidant, biofilm inhibition and mutagenic assay. First part of this research work consists of alkylation of substituted phenols to get 4-chlorophenoxy isobutyric acid (131) and 4bromophenoxy isobutyric acid (179). These acids were converted into 4-chlorophenoxy isobutyrate (132) and 4-bromophenoxy isobutyrate (180) followed by their hydrazinolysis to obtain 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl propane hydrazide (133) and 2-(4-bromophenoxy)-2methyl propane hydrazide (181).Condensation of these hydrazides 133 & 181.with substituted benzaldehyde and aromatic acetophenone yielded N’-benzylidine-2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2ethylpropanehydrazides (155-178) and N’-benzylidine-2-(4-bromophenoxy)-2- methyl propane hydrazides (182-196) respectively. In another series, chalcones (110-130) were synthesized by Claisan condensation reaction. These chalcones were react with 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanehydrazide (133) in ethanol and acidic environment to yield a novel series of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-[1,diphenylallylidene]-2-methylpropanehydrazides. (134-154). In the second part, all the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques like IR, NMR, mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. In third part, all the compounds were subjected to biological screening, which includes anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, biofilm inhibition, and mutagenic assay and it was found that these compounds have a great potential to act actively in drug discovery.