اسلام کے اخلاقی اور اعتقادی نظام میں ماحولیاتی تحفظ

Just as the prophet  and messenger from Allah Ta’ala direct man towards the creator, it also regulates the relationships of human life and helps him to return to the nature of Allah Ta’ala, which invites man to find goodness, happiness and well-being in creatures. We invite all researchers and intellectuals to know the facts of heavenly laws and religions, especially the teachings of  “Islam”. Since Islam is the essence of all divine religions, it deals with human life in particular and the universe in general and the life of nature around it in great detail, just as Islam focuses on Human beings. In the same way animals, plants and inanimate objects are also looked after otherwise what is the meaning of talking about issues related to tree planting, agriculture, water and other natural environment.  Human distance and ignorance from the role of religions on environmental protection is an important cause of environmental pollution, protection and its elements to restore. The religious teachings and spiritual guidance of all heavenly religious regarding  environmental protection can play an important role in the protection can play an important role in the protection of the environment, so the cause of the  environmental crisis and the invasion of its resources is a departure from spirituality and religious instructions and materialism. For example, those materialistic countries that do not believe in religions are engaged in destroying the ecological elements. Just so that they can get material facilities. They have become involved in wars and conflicts all of which they have been exposed to environmental disasters are which has never been observed by humanity in the history due to which these countries are suffering from environmental crisis on a large scale due to which it has become difficult to live in these countries.

Privatization of Agricultural Extension System in the Punjab, Pakistan: A Swot Analysis

Globally, there is a trend towards privatization due to poor performance of public extension services. Private agricultural extension system is considered demand-driven, cost-effective with efficient and quality service. In Pakistan, Privatization of agricultural extension system was started in 1988 when the then Government of Pakistan established a commission to look into the causes of poor performance of agricultural sector and suggest ways to improve its performance. The commission suggested the involvement of the private sector in reshaping agricultural extension. It was a major policy shift, in which the supply of inputs was shifted to private sector from public sector. Currently, 320 pesticide companies (private sector) are working in the Punjab. These companies not only provide pesticide products to the farmers through dealers but also provide advisory services to them. Privatization experiences in the world had mixed results. In some cases it has positive results while in other location the results are discouraging. The present study was conducted to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for private extension system in the Pakistani context where the literature is either silent or scanty about the performance of private sector extension. A cross-sectional research design was used for the study. The study was carried out in the Punjab province which comprises five cropping zones, out of which, three zones were selected purposively. Multistage proportionate sampling technique was used for the selection of respondents. A sample of 408 respondents was selected (136 from each zone) by using simple random sampling technique. Sample size was determined by using Fitzgibbon table (Fitzgibbon & Lynn, 1987). Similarly, a sample of 60 respondents from EFS of Syngenta (Pesticide Company) were also selected randomly by using the same table. The data were collected through personal interviews with the help of validated research instrument. The data, thus collected were analyzed by using computer software (i.e. SPSS). The results showed that a diagnostic skill of the EFS was strength of the system. Attributes of the EFS i.e. politeness and good conduct with farmers were also rated as strengths. Group discussion method was rated as strength of the system. However, subject matter coverage, target beneficiaries, extension approach and functions, communication, competencies of EFS of private extension found to be the weakness of the system. Limited opportunities existed for the demand of advisory services for specific crops at specific location and fee-based private extension system in the country. Overall it poses threat for the system. There were great discrepancies observed between the perceptions of the farmers and the EFS about the same questions. According to the EFS, the system has more strengths as compared to weaknesses. It is suggested that the steps should be taken to mitigate the weaknesses and ensure the strengths of the system. Similarly, threats should be converted into opportunities.