Hafiz Muhammad Asif
PhD
Hamdard University
Karachi
Sindh
Pakistan
2013
Completed
Life sciences
English
http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10519/1/HAFIZ_MUHAMMAD_ASIF_Pharmacy_2013_HSR_Hamdard_Univ_30.03.2017.pdf
2021-02-17 19:49:13
2024-03-24 20:25:49
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شب برات اور آتش بازی کی قبیح رسم
انسان کی ہمیشہ سے خواہش رہی ہے کہ کام تھوڑ ا کر نا پڑے اور اس کی مزدوری اور اُجرت زیادہ مل جائے۔ اللہ تعالیٰ نے بھی کچھ اوقات ایسے مقرر کیے ہیں کہ اس میں دین اسلام پر کار بند شخص تھوڑی سی عبادت کر کے ڈھیروں ثواب کما سکتے ہیں۔ ان اوقات میں لیلۃ القدر یعنی شب برات بھی ہے جو پندرہ شعبان المعظم کی رات ہے اور کروڑوں مسلمان اس رات میں شبِ بیدار ی کر کے اپنے پروردگار کے سامنے سر بسجدہ ہوتے ہیں اور اپنے گناہوں کی معافی کے طلبگار ہوتے ہیں۔ چنانچہ قرآن مجید میں ہے کہ:۔
’’حم قسم ہے کتاب مبین کی بیشک ہم نے اتارا ہے اسے ایک برکت والی رات میں بے شک ہم ڈر سنانے والے ہیں، اس رات ہرحکمت والا کا م بانٹ دیا جا تا ہے۔‘‘
تشریح! یہاں کتاب مبین سے مراد کلام اللہ یعنی قرآنِ مجید فرقانِ حمید ہے اگر چہ بعض مقامات پر اس سے مرادلوح محفوظ بھی ہے۔ نزولِ قرآن کی رات کی عظمت و فضیلت کو ظاہر کرنے لیے اللہ تعالیٰ نے قرآنِ مجید کی قسم ارشاد فرمائی۔ لیلۃ القدر برکتوں والی رات اس رات کے تعین میں مختلف اقوال ہیں لیکن عام طور پرد وقول زیادہ مشہور ہیں ایک تو یہ کہ اس سے مراد لیلۃ القدر ہے جو ماہ ِرمضان شریف میں آتی ہے۔ دوسرا قول یہ ہے کہ اس سے مراد شب ِبرات ہے جو شعبان المعظم کی پندرھویں رات ہے جیسا کہ تفسیر مظہری میں ہے۔ حضرت عکرمہصنے کہا کہ یہ پندرھویں شعبان کی رات ہے جس میں سال بھر کے امور لکھ دیئے جاتے ہیں جنہیں مرنا ہوتا ہے انہیں زندوں کی فہرست سے نکال دیا جاتا ہے پھر ان میں نہ زیادتی کی جاتی ہے نہ کمی۔PREDOMINANT TRAIT OF PAKISTAN AND WESTERN POLITICS: A SERIES OF LANGUAGE POLITICS
This research deals with the power of language in politics, specifically in the dimension of Metaphors and the Rhetorical Philosophy of Aristotle's Ethos, which famous politicians significantly used. It determines the art of speech of three politicians, Former Prime Minister Imran Khan and former Presidents of the United States, Donald Trump and Barack Obama, who are consistently in the public eye for a great command of rhetorical language. Furthermore, the data combines and fusion of their pre-election and post-election speeches. The structure and layout of the research are first to emphasize and identify their art of speaking and delivery by comparing and contrasting these speakers and, secondly, analyzing their characteristics of how each one of them has chosen the tool of rhetorical and persuasive strategies in a unique style to make a striking impression upon the audience. These public speakers are specifically chosen for this research as they are renowned for their great competence and excellence in stump oratory, which built massive trust and created a socio-cognitive influence upon the audience’s mind. His research paradigm is based on a qualitative approach, and the design used in this study focuses on content analysis. Behavioral Problems Assessment and Correlates in Primary School Children
Behavioral problems in children are likely to have detrimental effects on child’s social, personal and academic functioning (Walsh, Murrell, Scherbarth, & Kubiak, 2009). Reliable and valid identification of behavioral problems in children should incorporate parent and teacher report regarding child’s behaviors. The present study was carried out to develop an indigenous dual informant rating scale (parent report scale and teacher report scale) for measuring behavioral problems of primary school children, with the aim to identify correlates and predictors of behavioral problems in primary school children. These objectives were achieved in a series of three independent studies. In study 1, parents, teachers, school psychologists and child psychiatrists were contacted to generate list of problem behaviors of the children aged 5 to 11 years. Standardized behavioral problems scales developed in the West and clinical case studies were also reviewed to generate an independent pool of 90 items each for parent report scale and for teacher report scale. The factorial validity based on a sample of parents of 443 primary school children was obtained. Similarly, factorial validity of the teacher report scale based on a sample of 446 teachers of primary school children was obtained. Both the scales showed high Cronbach’s alpha. In study 2, construct validity for both the scales was determined by calculating construct and concurrent validities. Both the scales showed good construct and concurrent validities. In study 3, correlates and predictors of behavioral problems in primary school children were assessed on a sample of 240 children. Correlates of behavioral problems of these children were determined with demographic information form and social information processing scale, “Home Interview with the Child” (Dodge, 1986). Behavioral problems were assessed by the scales developed by the researcher. The results showed that gender, age of the child, maternal age, parental education, socioeconomic status and academic performance of the child were significant correlates of behavioral problems. Multiple regression analysis revealed aggressive response generation in XIX social information processing, parents’ education and gender of the child as predictors of behavioral problems on both parent report scale and teacher report scale. Results of this study are in line with existing literature on children’s behavioral problems. The implications of the results of current research on behavioral problems of primary school children in Pakistan are discussed.