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Home > Salt Dynamics and Productivity Enhancement under Alley Cropping Systems

Salt Dynamics and Productivity Enhancement under Alley Cropping Systems

Thesis Info

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Author

Rasul Awan, Abdul

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7719/1/AbdulRasulAwan_UAF_2015_Agri.Forestry.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727132906

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Agroforestry has appealed substantial curiosity in recent times because of its radical potential to preserve and upsurge farm productivity round the globe. Productivity of agroforestry systems mainly depends upon interaction of growth limiting factors (space, water, nutrients, shade etc.). Incompatible alley cropping systems (agroforestry systems) may undesirably upset crop productivity in semi-arid regions on account of intensified competition. It is, therefore, imperative to develop appropriate alley cropping systems comprising trees with suitable understorey crop(s) and/or grass(es) with multi-dimensional complementarity, and application of suitable soil amendments (as nutrient source) to prevaricate losses in biomass productivity/harvestable product(s)/crop yield(s). Adoption of agroforestry systems and application of suitable soil amendments simultaneously improve soil properties and biomass productivity of the ecosystem. The objectives of present research work were to evaluate effect of application of inorganic and organic amendments in different types of agroforestry systems in 2-year field experiments on biomass productivity, soil physiochemical properties and salt dynamics in soil profile. The experiments were carried out at Biosaline Research Station (BSRS), Pakka Anna, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Agroforestry systems included agrisilviculture systems i.e., Acacia and Eucalyptus wheat based systems and silvipastoral systems i.e., Acacia and Eucalyptus para grass based systems established in saline environment. Biomass production of different components of the systems was recorded with due course of time. In agrisilviculture systems, more compatibility was perceived in Acacia wheat based alley cropping systems in contrast to Eucalyptus wheat based systems as the former supported higher growth of understorey wheat crop. Higher trend in growth and yield parameters of wheat was observed in open field systems (full sunlight) whereas; it was lower in Acaciabased systems and lowest in Eucalyptus based system in general (control conditions). Application of nitrogen fertilizer and farm yard manure in combination further enhanced biomass production and soil improvement process. Soil properties (pH, electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio) as affected by different systems showed that these properties improved much in Acacia-based systems. Application of nitrogen with farm yard manure further improved the soil properties. In silvipastoral systems, more compatibility was observed in Acacia-para grass based systems as compared to Eucalyptus based systems because the former system supported higher growth of understorey para grass component. Higher trend in growth and production of para grass was observed in open field systems (full sunlight) whereas; it was lower in Acacia-based systems and lowest in Eucalyptus based system. Application of amendments (gypsum and farm yard manure) in combination further enhanced biomass production and soil improvement process. Soil properties (pH, EC and SAR) as affected by different systems showed that these properties improved much in Acacia based systems.
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اسلام امن کا پیغام

اسلام امن کا پیغام
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز سامعین اور میرے ہم مکتب شا ہینو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کی سعادت حاصل ہورہی ہے وہ ہے:’’اسلام امن کا پیغام‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
اسلام کے معنی سلامتی کے ہیں، اسلام کو سچے دل سے قبول کرنے والا سلامتی میں ہوتا ہے، اسلام کے جملہ احکام سلامتی کا ہی درس دیتے ہیں۔ اس پرعمل پیرا شخص میدان امن و آشتی میں نہ صرف داخل ہوتا ہے بلکہ امن و آشتی کا پیامبر بن جاتا ہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
حدیث نبویؐ ہے کہ’’ المسلم من سلم المسلمون من لسانہ ویدہ‘‘ مسلمان وہ ہے کہ جس کے ہاتھ اور زبان سے دیگر مسلمان محفوظ رہیں ،کسی کو اس کی زبان سے گزند نہ پہنچے کسی کے جسم کے عضو سے اس کو جسمانی یا روحانی پریشانی نہ ہو، اسلام کی ابدی تعلیمات امن و آشتی کے پیغام سے مملو ہیں۔
صدرِمحترم!
ایک مسلمان دوسرے مسلمان کی طمانیت اور سکون کا خواہاں ہوتا ہے۔ اس کی خوشی اور مسرت کا متمنی ہوتا ہے، اس کی تکلیف دور کرنے میں اس کاممد و معاون ہوتا ہے۔ اس کے مسائل کے حل میں کوئی لمحہ ضائع نہیں کرتا۔
جنابِ صدر!
ایک حقیقی مسلمان، مسجد میں ہو، عدالت میں ہو، فیکٹری یا کارخانے میں ہو ،بازاریا دربارمیں ہو، دکان یا مکان میں ہو، سفروحضر میں یا کھیت وکھلیان میں ہو، ہمہ وقت امن و آشتی کا مجسمہ نظر آتا ہے۔ اس کے خدوخال بھی امن سکون کا نمونہ فراہم کر رہے ہوتے ہیں۔
جنابِ صدر!
اسلام کی تعلیمات جس خطہ ارضی میں پہنچیں ، وہاں ظلم و استبداد کے بادل چھٹ گئے،قہر و غضب کے طوفان ختم ہو گئے ، عداوت وخصومت کے جھکڑ چلنا بند ہو گئے ،...

Implementasi Model Waterfall Dalam Perancangan Sistem Surat Perintah Perjalanan Dinas Berbasis Website Dengan Metode SDLC

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengimplementasikan implementasi model waterfall dalam perancangan sistem surat perintah perjalanan dinas berbasis website dengan metode SDLC. Perancangan sistem Surat Perintah Perjalanan Dinas pada Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan bertujuan untuk mengkomputerisasikan pembuatan dan pengolahan data Surat Perintah Perjalanan Dinas secara efisien dan efektif. Pengelolaan SPPD ini di rancang menggunakan teknologi informasi berbasis website. Metode perancangan yang akan digunakan yaitu metode SDLC dengan model waterfall yang prosesnya secara sistematis atau berurutan. Sistem mempermudah efektivitas kinerja proses pembuatan SPPD di Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, serta penyimpanan data yang telah di buat tersimpan dengan baik, keamanan data lebih terjamin dan bisa di akses kapan pun dan di mana pun, serta menyelesaikan permasalahan yang ada pada Badan Pusat Statistik Kab. Pesisir Selatan  dalam melakukan penginputan data dan pembuatan laporan yang akurat dan tepat waktu

Performance Analysis of Cooperative Communications over Fading Channels

Cooperative communications is a relatively new paradigm in wireless communications wherein communicating nodes collaborate with each other for information transfer. Such collaboration can achieve performance gains in terms of link reliability and coverage relative to non-cooperative communications under the same fading conditions. The Nakagami-m fading model is used extensively in the literature for performance analysis of cooperative systems and includes other models like Rayleigh as special cases when its fading parameter m takes particular values. Hyper-Rayleigh fading, which represents fading more severe than Rayleigh fading, is also represented by the Nakagami-m model with 0.5 ≤ m < 1. Hyper-Rayleigh fading has been observed in emerging wireless scenarios such as vehicle-to-vehicle communications and sensor communications within aircraft bodies. The performance analysis for cooperative links under hyper-Rayleigh fading is thus an interesting and challenging research problem. The submitted thesis aims to address performance analysis of dual-hop cooperative networks that employ fixed-gain/semi-blind Amplify-and-Forward (AF) relaying over Nakagami-m faded links. The first novel contribution of the submitted work is developing a new closedform expression for the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at destination for a pure dual-hop AF network with the direct link in deep fade. Then for the case of hyperRayleigh faded relay-destination link, a new upper-bound on the average SNR at destination is devised and is shown to be tighter than a previously proposed upper-bound that is based on the well-known harmonic-geometric mean inequality. A power allocation (PA) strategy across source and relay nodes is proposed and is shown to provide measurable performance gains in average SNR and consequently the outage probability (OP) at destination when compared with equal PA. The second novel contribution of the submitted work is an extension of the work in the first contribution in that the system model includes the direct link for maximum ratio combining (MRC) at destination. Furthermore, the Nakagamim parameter that is restricted to the range 0.5 ≤ m < 1 for hyper-Rayleigh fading analysis presented in the first contribution is relaxed in the second contribution for error performance analysis of the considered dual-hop AF network. Specifically, a simple yet accurate closed-form approximation for the average bit error probability (ABEP) and closed-form expressions for its tight upper and lower bounds are derived for coherently detected binary modulation. The proposed theoretical results and simulations are in excellent agreement and our performance bounds are shown to be tighter than the previously proposed bounds for the case of unbalanced relayed links.