آج بھی دل میں دردُ اٹھا ہے
کیا پھر کسی نے یاد کیا ہے
اب کیوں اُس کو یاد کیا ہے
وہ تُو کب کا چھوڑ گیا ہے
مجھ کو کیوں برباد کیا ہے
کیا تجھ کو اچھا لگتا ہے!
تجھ بن دل اُجڑا اُجڑا ہے
اور تُو سب کچھ دیکھ رہا ہے
رات کے تین بجے ہیں اور تم
اب تک جاگ رہے ہو کیا ہے
گزری باتیں گزر چکی ہیں
تُو اب کس کو یاد رہا ہے
عشق ، محبت پاگل پن ہے
کیوں یہ روگ لگا رکھا ہے
کیا تُو اُس کو بھول سکے گا
اب جو تجھ کو بھول چکا ہے
اُس نے کہا تھا وہ تیرا ہے!
خود سے تُو نے سوچ لیا ہے
According to Qur’an, the difference of opinion among peoples of the world is natural and something that will always be there. However, in order to stop the difference from becoming a conflict, people should hold dialogue. The significance of dialogue in Islam is well understood by the fact that God chose to hold dialogue with angels concerning the creation of man. Furthermore, the Qur’an declares dialogue the greater jihad and arrangement of a successful dialogue is considered as a manifest victory In order to arrange a successful dialogue, Qur’an lays out a number of principles: 1- Dialogue should be held in such a nice way that it may lead the opponent to get a close friend. For this it is necessary to speak mildly and the dialogue must be based on wisdom and sincerity. 2- Dialogue should rest on the principle of mutual respect and should not contain any kind of abusive and taunting language. 3- Dialogue must not override the principle of justice and equality and must not be affected by the past experiences or personal grievances towards the opponent. 4- Dialogue should not address the issue of pulling everyone together, e.g. The opponent (for example a nation) should not be blamed for the evil deeds of few. 5- Dialogue should be held with an attitude that is characterized by patience and tolerance and efforts must be made to keep the vicious elements out from harming the process. 6- Both parties should openly acknowledge and recognize the mutually positive attributes. 7- Imposing one’s opinions upon the opponent must not be the objective of dialogue. 8- Both parties should, despite the inherent difference of opinion, pursue to find practical solutions by striving towards finding a common ground.
Cellular Manufacturing (CM), which contains the flexibility of Job-Shop and at the same time has a higher rate of production as flow lines, is proving to be a useful substitute for the production carried out in batches. In spite of the fact that there are so many benefits associated with CM but designing CM, for real world problems, is a very complex job. Since the main task in designing a CM is grouping of machines into cells and parts into corresponding families, therefore, most of the research carried out so far has considered the Cellular Manufacturing System (CMS) design as a Machine-Part grouping problem only and focus on the operational aspects of the design has been very little. Once the Machine-Part grouping stage is over, scheduling of the system is supposed to be the next stage in completing the operational design of a CMS. This is the stage where important production related information; such as processing sequence and processing time is taken into consideration. Scheduling is very essential as it enhances productivity and maximizes the usefulness of a given manufacturing system by utilizing the available resources in an optimized manner. Therefore, alongside Machine-Part grouping, scheduling is of paramount importance too, as it ensures proper utilization of resources. In order to carryout a complete operational design of CMS, a two stage methodology has been developed in this research. First, the problem of Machine-Part grouping (CMS design) is solved, and then sequencing and scheduling of parts on machines is carried out. Since each cell is like a Job-Shop, therefore the scheduling part of the problem is solved using a similar approach as in case of a Job-Shop scheduling problem (JSSP). Separate hybrid tools, for solving Machine-Part grouping problem and Job-Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP), has been developed by combining Genetic Algorithms (GA) with Local Search Heuristics (LSH). Each tool’s effectiveness has been verified, separately, by solving a number of benchmark problems from literature. Finally, the two tools are combined in such a manner that the output of the Machine-Part grouping serves as an input to the tool developed for the scheduling of Job-Shop. Final outcome of the program is a cellular arrangement of the system (machine groups and corresponding part families) and detailed information about the sequencing and scheduling of the system. The development of two effective hybrid GA based tools, for Machine-Part grouping and Job-Shop Scheduling, and their combination are the main contributions of this research.