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Studies Oh the Pollutants of Quetta Valley Awd Their Metabolic Stress on Population

Thesis Info

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Author

Asrar, Mrs. Syeda Aban

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Balochistan

City

Quetta

Province

Balochistan

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1996

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Natural Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2986/1/58.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727270887

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The work reported here has been carried out to Quetta Valley in air, food and water. 1600 samples of Almond, Pistachio and Walnuts and peanuts were collected seasonally from different parts of explore pollutants of Quetta city and examined qualitatively and quantitatively for the presence of Mycotoxin. Peanuts were found to be highly contaminated by saprophytic fungi Aspergillus infection flavus Walnuts . pistachio, by followed Almond and Level of Af latoxin in Peanuts was found to be highest among four. Aflatoxin level in Peanuts was 80 ppb, Pistachio 70 ppb, Almond 25 ppb and Walnut 20 ppb . Fungal infections and subsequent aflatoxin production was high during temperature summer and and autumn moisture seasons due to high Correlation contents. of aflatoxin with liver cancer was discussed. The degree of air pollution was determined on heavy traffic areas using road side trees as an indicator. The leaves of Cupressus sp, Pinus, Fraxinus, excelsior, Rubinea. Pseudoaccasia were collected and analyzed for micro, macro and heavy metals concentration. The detection and estimation of these elements was done by using atomic absortion spec.trophoto meter. Significantly high lead, Nickel Manganese cadmium, Iron, and Zinc contents were found. These highly toxic for all living systems and cause adverse effects directly or indirectly on human health. The common source of Lead, cadmium Nickel, Zinc, Iron and Manganese on tree leaves is motor vehicles. The heavy metal concentration increases with increasing distance from the This study showed that maximum pollution is on road. Jinnah Road to access the disease caused by pollution, 16 diseases of minor and major characteristics were A questionnaire was distributed to 1000 selected. selected shopkeepers randomly and residents of heavy traffic fifteen roads of Quetta city. These were 95.1% respondents resulted in a 95.1% return. The significance of lead as a health hazard in the Quetta City was calculated. The regression eolations were developed and generalized for the larger population using the data in hand. It was observed that blood pressure, E.N.T, Fatigue gasteo intestinal diseases and There is a cancer are highly correlated with lead. impact relationship linear hazardous of between diverse profession and the number of patients of various diseases, x test is used loi determining the significance of pollutants on patient s oi pollutants on various diseases, thereby rejecting our null hypothesis. water samples seasonally collected from different municipal water supplies of Quetta City were microbiological and their Chemical for analyzed characteristics . Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Carbonate, Bicarbonate, Chloride, Sulphate, Nitrate, Boron dissolved solids, pH conductivity total Cations, total anions, Chromium, Lead, Nickel, Cadmium, Iron and Zinc, were determined quantitatively. The presence of indicator bacteria in potable water was found to be an important and interesting topic Most of . the work done in this regard was based on the enumeration of indicator bacteria in the water samples. In environment getting polluted by human and animal waste . Coliform and fecal coliform populations were found abundantly fecal streptococci were also isolated. This situation further intensifies hazardous of fecal pollution. the threat of the
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جزئیات نگاری

جزئیات نگاری

                ناطق نے ناول میں جزئیات نگاری سے کام لیاہے عصری دور میں جزئیات نگاری کواتنی اہمیت نہیں دی جاتی۔مصنف نے اس کے برعکس اپنے ناول’’کماری والا‘‘میں جزئیات نگاری کو بڑھا دیا ہے اور ہر ایک واقعے کی جزئیات کو بیان کیا ہے۔اس طرح ایک طرف تو تحریر میں خوبصورتی پیدا ہوئی پر ساتھ ساتھ کہانی غیر ضروری طوالت میں چلی گئی۔ وہ اپنی زندگی میں جن حالات سے گزر چکے ہیں انھوں نے ان سب کو بتانے کی کوشش کی ہے۔ایک ایک پل کو اس طرح بتایا ہے کہ قاری’’ضامن‘‘کی زندگی کو جزئیات نگاری کی وجہ سے مکمل جانتا ہے وہ کب ،کس پل ،کہاں ،کیا کرتا ہے سب باتوں کو ناطق نے تفصیلاًبیان کیا ہے۔بات یہ بھی درست ہے کہ جب قاری ناول پڑھتا ہے تو اسے خود حالات و واقعات کو مکمل جان لینے کی دھن ہوتی ہے۔اس لیے اگر مصنف نے ان حالات کو مدنظر نہ رکھا ہو تا تو ناول صرف ایک بیانیہ کہلاتا۔جزئیات نگاری قاری کی دلچسپی کو بڑھاتی ہے۔مصنف نے بھی ناول میں مکمل ماحول کا نقشہ قاری کے ذہن میں ابھارا ہے اپنی جزئیات نگاری کی مدد سے یہ قاری کیلئے انہماک کا ذریعہ ہے۔

 

 

Empowering Muslim Youth Through Developing Argumentation Skills

The progress of nations lies in the hands of educated youth. Presently, our Muslims youth are facing numerous challenges. This include western propaganda against Islam as a threat to peace, moral degradation, lacking spirit of inquiry, internet addiction, blind following of western norms and cultures and various kinds of social problems such as violence, gambling and pornography. Our Muslim youth is wandering in identity crises and have forgotten the true spirit of Islam and the achievements of our forefathers. Majority of youth are copying and adopting the western style of life and cultural involvement. One reason for this may be the education system that we have inherited from the colonial masters. This is also replicated by electronic media and the Western propaganda against Islam that we don’t take pride to be staunch Muslims otherwise; we will be blamed as extremists. Our education system has also failed in instilling the spirit of inquiry, critical thinking and moral judgment in our youth. In order to develop the potential of our youth to reform our society and not to be led by baseless beliefs, the role of teaching is very important. With this goal in mind, the students should be empowered through argumentation skills. This requires teaching students through argumentation method by involving/guiding students to make a claim then write justification for their claim and finally counter argument to support their claim. The essence of argumentation is not new as the Holy Qur’ān repeatedly stressed the believers to use their intellect, to critically observe their surroundings and avoid baseless information. Practice with argumentation will help in developing critical skills in our youth and in making informed decisions. They would not blindly follow western norms and would be able to answer western propaganda through solid arguments and valid justifications.

Synthesis and Characterization of Potentially Biologically Active Phenoxy Iso-Butyric Acid Derivatives.

The work in this thesis describes the synthesis and characterization of phenoxy isobutyric acid derivatives and their biological screening which includes anti-bacterial, antioxidant, biofilm inhibition and mutagenic assay. First part of this research work consists of alkylation of substituted phenols to get 4-chlorophenoxy isobutyric acid (131) and 4bromophenoxy isobutyric acid (179). These acids were converted into 4-chlorophenoxy isobutyrate (132) and 4-bromophenoxy isobutyrate (180) followed by their hydrazinolysis to obtain 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl propane hydrazide (133) and 2-(4-bromophenoxy)-2methyl propane hydrazide (181).Condensation of these hydrazides 133 & 181.with substituted benzaldehyde and aromatic acetophenone yielded N’-benzylidine-2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2ethylpropanehydrazides (155-178) and N’-benzylidine-2-(4-bromophenoxy)-2- methyl propane hydrazides (182-196) respectively. In another series, chalcones (110-130) were synthesized by Claisan condensation reaction. These chalcones were react with 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanehydrazide (133) in ethanol and acidic environment to yield a novel series of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-[1,diphenylallylidene]-2-methylpropanehydrazides. (134-154). In the second part, all the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques like IR, NMR, mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. In third part, all the compounds were subjected to biological screening, which includes anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, biofilm inhibition, and mutagenic assay and it was found that these compounds have a great potential to act actively in drug discovery.