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Study of Dielectric Properties of Various Graphene/Metal/Polymer Nanocomposites

Thesis Info

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Author

Ishaq, Saira

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12168/1/Saira%20Ishaq%20chemistry%202019%20uop%20lhr%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727370035

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The aim of the present research work is to synthesize flexible polymer based nanocomposites with excellent dielectric properties. Compounds and composites with high dielectric constant are in demand in electronic industry due to their ability to store more charge, while energy dissipation is low there. So it is needed to synthesize materials with ability to store more and more charge. In presented research work, flexible three phase nanocomposite films of graphene/metal/polymer were synthesized with reasonably high dielectric constant or real part of permittivity and very low dielectric loss or imaginary part of permittivity. Ternary nanocomposite films were synthesized by using three different polymers i.e., poly(vinyl alcohol), polyvinylidene fluoride and polydimethysiloxane as matrix. Graphene and two ceramic metals oxides i.e., titania and barium titanate were reinforced in the polymers as conducting and metal additives, respectively. In this way six different types of ternary nanocomposite films with different combinations of fillers and polymers were synthesized. Each ternary nanocomposite series was synthesized by varying w/w of graphene while keeping concentrations of ceramic and polymer constant. After setting optimized conditions for concentrations of graphene, w/w of ceramic filler was varied and concentrations of ceramic and polymer were kept fixed. Each ternary graphene/metal/polymer nanocomposite film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, raman spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravimetrical analysis to study their morphology, structures, presence of functional groups and thermal stability respectively. Dielectric characterization of each ternary graphene/metal/polymer nanocomposite film was carried out at room temperature. Ternary nanocomposite with highest dielectric constant and lowest dielectric loss were explored for each ternary nanocomposites series. Dielectric constant of poly(vinyl alcohol), Polyvinylidene fluoride and polydimethysiloxane was increased from 13.3, 20.5 and 6.5 to 330, 159.8 and 108.3, respectively, with addition of graphene and titania. While dielectric constant of poly(vinyl alcohol), Polyvinylidene fluoride and polydimethysiloxane was increased from 13.3, 20.5 and 6.5 to 66, 199.9 and 116.9, respectively, with addition of graphene and barium titanate. Even with such high dielectric constant, dielectric loss of all ternary nanocomposites was still very low i.e., less than 5 which is required for energy storage devices. AC conductivity and complex electric modulus of all neat polymers and ternary graphene/metal/polymer nanocomposite films were also calculated and compared. The superiority of this method is that synthesized three phase graphene/ceramic/polymer nanocomposite films have hybrid properties like high dielectric permittivity and low dielectric loss of fillers and flexibility and mechanical strength of polymers. All analyses of graphene/metal/polymer nanocomposite films confirm their excellent capacitive performance. On the basis of results it is concluded that synthesized ternary graphene/metal/polymer nanocomposite films are fairly good candidate to be used as dielectric medium in energy storage devices like capacitors.
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غزل

 

لمس کی پوروں پہ تھی جو حکمرانی بیچ دی،

آج اس کی آخری ہم نے نشانی بیچ دی۔

 

ہم نے قصداً اپنے غم سے بے خبر رکھا تمہیں،

جو تمہارے تک پہنچتی وہ کہانی بیچ دی۔

 

لے کے جاتی تھی ہمیں اجداد کی قبروں پہ جو،

ہم نے گاؤں کی وہ پگڈنڈی پرانی بیچ دی۔

 

اب تم آؤ گے تو ہر جذبہ ملے گا منجمد،

ہم نے دریائے محبت کی روانی بیچ دی۔

 

کون ہوتا زیر بارِ کاغذ و دست و قلم،

واردات-قلب و جاں ہم نے زبانی بیچ دی۔

 

کر گئ خوشبو بھی آخر سارے رشتے کالعدم،

ہم نے جب وہ موتیا، وہ رات رانی بیچ دی۔

 

اب کہاں مہمان بن کے ہم رہیں طاہر وحید،

اہل دل نے اپنے دل کی راجدھانی بیچ دی

An Introduction to Islamic Modes of Financing for Elimination of Interest Based Transactions in Banking Sector of Pakistan

The Economic system ofIslam is very balanced one. Islam does not deprive a person to take benefit of all halal (permissible) things, while it has banned all illegal means of earning like deceit, corruption, gambling, etc. Among all evils, interest/usury is the worst form of earning and those who are involved in transactions based on it, they have been threatened with hell. While on the other hand, in most banks and other financial institutions, transactions are carried out on the basis ofinterest. This is why Muslim scholars worked out alternative modes based on Islamic financing to replace interest-based transactions. In this article six modes of financing i. e. Musharakah. , Mudharabah, Murabahah, Ijarah, Salam and Istisnah have been discussed. If these Islamic inodes of financing are adopted in banking sector and in otherfinancial institutions, then it is hoped that in a very short span of time elimination ofriba would be possible.

Isolation and Characterization of Magnetotactic Bacteria from Environmental Samples

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) have ability to accumulate biominerals intracellularly as iron nanoparticles in the form of ferric oxide (Magnetite) and ferric sulphide (Greigite), known as magnetosomes. Most of them belong to the α-proteobacteria, β-proteobacteria and γ-proteobacteria class. In Pakistan, the Magnetotactic bacterial strains are not yet isolated. In current study, the Magnetotactic bacterial strains are isolated from different environmental samples and a modified specific growth medium was used to culture the isolated MTB strains. The technique used for accumulation of bacteria in water samples was the magnetic enrichment technique. The isolation of magnetotactic bacteria is difficult and identified number of strains of magnetotactic bacteria is less than a hundred. So, there is a need to focus more on the identification and classification of MTB. The selected strains were cultured on scale up production and extraction of magnetosomes were carried out by boiling method. The extracted Magnetosomes were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Powder diffraction (XRD).