قیام امن میں اصحاب صفہ کا کردار

Almighty Allāh sent his messengers to lead and guide the human beings. One of the lessons we learn from the lives of the prophets and their struggles is the significance of the presence of a peaceful environment. During the lifetime of our holy Prophet establishment the for examples numerous find we, (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad and maintainance of peace. The Arab society was famous for battles and the people were wild in nature, but, with the arrival of Islām, they became the most loving and peaceful society in the world. This article focuses on the role of Aṣḥāb al-Ṣuffah in maintaining and promoting peace. Aṣḥāb al-Ṣuffah was a group of people who stayed at the northern corner of al-Masjid al-Nabawī under the constant watch of the Prophet (ﷺ) himself. Aṣḥāb al-Ṣuffah lived in a and life his observed They. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet the to proximity closed learnt from his lectures. So, it can truly be called the first school of the Islamic history. A number of students, schooled in al-Ṣuffah were sent to the different parts of the Arabia and later, to other parts of the Islamic empire, to disseminate the message of peace and love among the people. Their efforts are a significant part of the Islamic history in the promotion of peace.

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Polyamidoximes, Polyamides, Poly Amide-Imide S and Poly Ester-Amide S and Their Applications for the Removal of Metal Cations from Aqueous Solutions

Novel polyamidoximes, poly(amide-imide)s, poly(ester-imide)s along with crosslinked polyamidoximes and polyamides have been reported in this thesis. The foremost goal of the current research endeavor is to design some new adsorbents dealing with adsorption of heavy metal cations, with excellent thermal resistance. The designed monomers (2,6-bis(4-chloroformylphenoxy)benzonitrile, 2,6-bis(4aminophenoxy) benzonitrile, 5-(5-carboxy-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl) isophthalic acid)bearing pre-formed linkages were synthesized and employed for the novel polymer synthesis.Monomer synthesis was confirmed using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic analysis while polymer formation confirmed by molecular weight (GPC), XRD and TGA data study. Condensation polymerization was used for the fabrication of polymeric materials. In cross-linked polymers much better crystallinity in addition to boost in thermal resistance was noted. The incorporation of various linkages with more electronegative centers provided polymers with high molecular weights, improved crystalline nature, advanced thermal stability and efficient adsorption capacity. The effect of numerous groups towards adsorption capacity of Cd+2 and Pb+2 was scrutinized following a thorough study of adsorption by batch process. Effects of variable pH, contact time, amount of adsorbent and concentration of adsorbate were deliberately studied with a maximum uptake at pH 6 and 3h of contact time. AAS provided information about the metal ion concentration in the media before and after the adsorption process. The adsorption process was found to be favorable following the Langmuir adsorption isotherm as compared to Freundlich, thus giving an insight to monolayer adsorption over a range of concentration studied. Their ease in formation, high molar mass, heat stability and metal binding ability depict their compliance, rendering them a key material in future polymer science.