المبحث السادس: محاولة إرضاء الحبيب بعد الخصام
قصيدة (خصام) لنازك الملائكة ([1])
زمانُ الصفاء مضی وتلاشی مع الذکریات
وھا نحن مختصمان
وجاء زمانُ الصراع فلا لطفَ لا بسمات
ولا دفقۃٌ من حنان
وھا نحنُ مختصمان دفنّا ا لوئام
وراء التوتر في قعر ألفاظنا الباردہ
ولم نبقِ کأساً ولا منھلاً([2] ) للغرام
ولم نُبق عشاً لأحلامنا الساھدہ([3] )
وھا نحنُ نکشف عمّا انطوی
بأعماق أنفسنا من عیوبٍ جمیلہ
ویدرکُ کلّ بأنّ الھَوی
طَوَی ما طوی من معا یبنا المترفات الأصیلة
ولم یُبقِ إلا محاسننا الفجّۃ([4]) المستحیلة
وھا نحنُ نعرفُ أبعادنا الشاسعة
وما امتدّ في عمقھا من خشونة
وکیف ملکنا عیوباً منوّعۃً رائعۃ
تخبّیء أو جُھھا خلف ستر الرضی واللیونة
وخلف الوداعۃ خلف السکینة
وفي لحظات الصفاء لمسنا شذانا الرصینا([5] )
وذقنا محاسننا السمحۃ المنعمة
وذاک الطِلاءٖ الذي لفّ أعماقنا المبھمة
وغطّی الحماقۃ والضعف فینا
وفي لحظات الحنین ھوینا
بساطتنا وعشقنا العذوبة
وھنا نحن نعشقُ ما تخلقُ الادمیۃ فینا
ونلمسُ أعماقنا الشاسعات الرھیبة
وما في حماقتنا من جمالِ شذٍ وخصوبة
وکنا عشقنا انبثاق الحرارۃ في مقلتینا([6])
فدعنا نحبّ النصوب([7] )
وکنا ھوینا التورّد والشعر في شفتینا
فلم لا نحبّ الشحوب([8] )
ولم لا نخلّف رکناً من المقت([9] ) بین یدینا؟
وکنا عبدنا الصداقۃ بین المحاسن فینا
فدعنا نقیم أسس الحبّ والودّ بین العیوب
وأفسح مکاناً لبعض الحماقات بعضِ الذنوب
ودعنا نکنُ بشراً طافحین نفیضُ جنونا
وننضح([10]) ضحکاً ودمعاً سخینا
(1954م)
الشرح المجمل البسيط (خِصام) لنازک الملائكة
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Parental stress is as experience of parents not only because of child-care, but also due to their community and environmental conditions, duties and everyday life. Research focused on investigation of stress among parents related to their children at early-childhood education and to explore the relationship between child’s behavior, parents’ expectations, family relationship, socio-economic status, social support, parental satisfaction and child’s responsibilities. All the parents of the students studying ECE at private schools in the areas of Rawalpindi constituted as the population of this research study. The target population consisted of all the parents of students from 10 randomly selected private schools of Rawalpindi. During scheduled parent-teachers meeting, the parents’ voluntary participation was demanded. Based upon their consent 145 parents of children from 10 private schools at Rawalpindi were available for the sample of study through purposive sampling. A self-developed questionnaire containing items related to seven aspects of parental stress was developed on five-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed with the help of descriptive mean, SD, and Pearson r. The current study shows that highest levels of stress among parents of these children. The economic disadvantage is also a leading cause for parental stress and minor social support tended to report extra parental stress. The results of the study highlighted the understanding of parents’ stress in ECE.
The study explores the question of women’s equality in the late 19th-century American novel and society through the lenses of New Historicism, Reader Response (Reception History), and (American) Feminism. From the vast world of American literature, the study focuses on four American novelists: Louisa May Alcott, Henry James, Kate Chopin, and Theodore Dreiser, specifically on their magnum opuses–Little Women, The Portrait of a Lady, The Awakening, and Sister Carrie– that address the question of women’s equality from many nuanced angles. Primarily, the study hinges on how the four writers, who were already grappling with the emergent feminist movement, were influenced by injustices to women. These writers were inspired to shape their novels to both reflect and critique Victorian constraints on women. After considering the lukewarm public responses to the universal theme of these authors, the study gauges how these novels contributed to changing the position of American women in terms of social, personal, sexual, economic, and political equality inlate 19th-and early 20th-century. Collectively, the four novels, step-by-step, advance/d the cause of women’s equality as the literary progenitors of American Feminism with their protagonists'' multi-faceted notions of liberty, contributing their share in laying the base for the upcoming waves of Feminism. Literary pieces like these have helped transform American social institutions, making America the capital of global attention for women’s rights. Like the 19th-century critics, modern-day readers feel that these novels illustrate a powerful call for women’s equality both inside and outside the U.S. Finally, these novels could inspire (literary) writers in Pakistan— particularly in Pashtun belt, where women''s lack of equal rights is the most burning and critical issue—to address women’s rights as a means to create a fertile ground for gender equality.