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Home > Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of Heterocyclic Scaffolds Derived from 4- 1H-Indol-3-Yl Butanoic Acid

Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of Heterocyclic Scaffolds Derived from 4- 1H-Indol-3-Yl Butanoic Acid

Thesis Info

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Author

Nazir, Majid

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12348/1/Majid%20nazir%20chemistry%202019%20gcu%20lhr%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727475186

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New drug candidates remained under consideration by the pharmaceutical industries to cure new arising diseases. To fulfill the requirement of new drug candidates, synthetic chemistry has added much in this regard. A large number of bioactive compounds have been synthesized by different fields of chemistry which emphasize the significance of synthetic chemistry in the field of pharmacy. The significant potentency of tyrosinase, urease, alkaline phosphate and α-glucosidase inhibitors based on indole and oxadiazole scaffold has been reported in literature previously. The presented work is also about the synthesis of some new bioactive molecules by coupling different bioactive functionalities. The valuable biological activities of derivatives of indole, amide, and 1,3,4-oxadiazole prompted us to synthesize some new compounds comprising amalgamation of these functionalities; and to demonstrate their % hemolytic activities and enzyme inhibitory potentials supported by the computational docking simulations. The presented work has been extended into different seven (7) schemes. In the first scheme the starting compound, 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoic acid (1) was converted to alkyl/aralkyl substituted (6a-m) and un/substituted benzyl derivatives (6n-r) in four steps through formation of ethyl 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate (2). First step includes refluxing of 1 with concentrated H2SO4 in ethanol for 8 hours and second step includes stirring of 2 with hydrazine and methanol at room temperature for 14 hours. The compound 3 was also refluxed with CS2 in ethanol having dissolved KOH for 16 hours to synthesize 5-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (4) which was further reacted with various alkyl/aralkyl halides (5a-r) in N,Ndimethylformamide (DMF) and lithium hydride (LiH) to synthesize eighteen alkyl/aralkyl-5-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl-sufide (6a-m, Scheme- 1) and un/substituted benzyl-5-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl-sufide (6a-r, Scheme-1). Different aryl amines (7a,c,e,h-j,n-q) were reacted with 2-bromoacetyl bromide (8) to synthesize 2-bromo-N-(un/substituted)acetamides (9a-j, Scheme-2), aryl amines (7c-m,p) with 3-bromopropanoyl chloride (11) to synthesize 3-bromo-N- (substituted)propanamides (12a-l, Scheme-3), aryl/aralkyl amines (7c-g,i,k,m,p,q) with 4-chlorobutanoyl chloride (14) to synthesize 4-chloro-N-(substitutedphenyl)butanamides (15a-j, Scheme-4), un/substituted anilines (7a-m) with 3- (chloromethyl)benzoylchloride (17) to synthesize 3-(chloromethyl)-N-(un/substitutedphenyl)bezamides (18a-m, Scheme-5), substituted anilines (7b-i,k-m) with 4- (chloromethyl)benzoylchloride (20) to synthesize 4-(chloromethyl)-N-(substitutedphenyl)bezamides (21a-k, Scheme-6) and morpholine (23a) & un/substitutedpiperidines (23b-d) with 4-(bromomethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride (24) to synthesize 1-{[4-(bromomethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}morpholine (25a, Scheme-7) and 1-{[4- (bromomethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}un/substituted-piperidines (25b-d, Scheme-7) as electrophiles. The compound 4, in DMF and LiH, was stirred with 2-bromo-N- (un/substituted)acetamides (9a-j) to synthesize twenty ten of 2-({5-[3-(1H-indol-3- yl)propyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl}sulfanyl)-N-(un/substituted)acetamides derivatives (10a-j, Scheme-2). Twelve compounds were synthesized as 3-({5-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]- 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl}sulfanyl)-N-(substituted-phenyl)propanamides derivatives (13al, Scheme-3), by reaction of 3-bromo-N-(substituted-phenyl)propanamides (12a-l) with 5-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol (4) in DMF and LiH. Ten compounds were synthesized as 4-({5-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)Propyl]-1,3,4- oxadiazol-2-yl}sulfanyl)-N-(substituted)butanamides derivatives (16a-j, Scheme-4), by reaction of 4-chloro-N-(substituted-phenyl)butanamides (15a-j) with 5-[3-(1Hindol-3-yl)propyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol (4) in DMF and LiH. Thirteen compounds were synthesized as 3-[({5-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]- 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl}sulfanyl)methyl]-N-(un/substituted-phenyl)benzamides (19a-m, Scheme-5), by reaction of 3-(chloromethyl)-N-(un/substituted-phenyl)bezamides (18a-m) with 5-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol (4) in DMF and LiH. Eleven compounds were synthesized as 4-[({5-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]- 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl}sulfanyl)methyl]-N-(substituted-phenyl)benzamides (22a-k, Scheme-6), by reaction of 4-(chloromethyl)-N-(substituted-phenyl)bezamides (21a-k) with 5-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol (4) in DMF and LiH. Four compounds were synthesized as 5-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]-1,3,4- oxadiazol-2-thiol derivatives (26a-d, Scheme-7), by reaction of 1-{[4- (bromomethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}morpholine (25a) and 1-{[4- (bromomethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}un/substituted-piperidines (25b-d) with 5-[3-(1Hindol-3-yl)propyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol (4) in DMF and LiH. The structural characterization has been well supported by spectral data of IR (Infra Red), 1H-NMR (Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), 13C-NMR (Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), 2D-NMR HMBC (Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation) and EIMS (Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry). Some of the 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR EIMS and IR spectra of synthesized compounds are also presented for the obvious perceptive of signals. The physical data of all the compounds is also provided which included color, state, yield, melting points (in case of solids), molecular formula and molecular mass. The biological evaluation of these compounds included enzyme inhibitory activity against four enzymes including tyrosinase, α-glucosidase, Jack bean urease and alkaline phosphate and finally evaluation of % hemolytic activity. The enzyme inhibition data is also explicated in detail through molecular docking studies. The reference standards used were kojic acid for tyrosinase, acarbose for α-glucosidase, thiourea for Jack bean urease, KH2PO4 (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) for alkaline phosphate, Triton X-100 and PBS (phosphate buffer saline) for % hemolytic evaluation. All the compounds were found active and showed excellent results in various studies mentioned above. The biological activity data in comparison of each scheme with the reference standard drugs is presented in results and discussion section.
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Awareness and Accessibility of Right to Information Act: A Comparative Study of Minorities within Pakistan and India

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مطالعۂ تطبیقی شعز سلطان باھو و آثار پنج شاعز فارسی نظامی، مولوی، سعدی، حافظ، جامی

This thesis is a comparative study of Sultan Bahu’s poetry and the works of five Persian poets including Nezami Ganjvi, Maulana Jalal ud Din Muhammad Balkhi, Sa’adi Sherazi, Hafez Sherazi and Maulana Abdul Rehman Jami. Sultan Bahu is condidered among the legends of Pujnabi Literature and he is a Persian Poet as well. Similarly the above said Persian poets are considered among the legends of Persian literature. All these great poets got utmost importance due to their significant thoughts and artistic way of thinking. To many critics all the above mentioned Persian poets are included among the greatest poets in the history of world literature. Undoubtedly, they touched the mythological heights of Persian language hundreds of years ago and wrote such sweet verses that a large number of the poets and writers, who came after them could never avoid their influence. Although the Punjabi language is not much closer to Persian language in many ways but the influence of Persian language and poetry cannot be ignored at any cost. Although Sultan Bahu is considered among the most famous poets of Punjabi but he is more famous as a Sufi and Mystic. Under the influence of Persian language and literature, he also wrote many books in Persian and he is a good Persian poet as well. All of the said Persian poets are the most famous poets. Both many orientlists and literary critics from Asia & Europe have already analyzed their art and thoughts. Hundreds of books have been written about their style, theme, thoughts and artistic approach and they are considered among well known personalities at international stage. But Sultan Bahu despite having written miraculous verses is still not famous at international level. Although Sultan Bahu and the said Persian poets have common features, all of these are Sufis and true followers of Islam and are called the “Sufi Poets” also, yet European and Iranian Scholars have yet to pay attention to Sultan Bahu’s sweet poetry. In this thesis I have tried to scientifically analyzed the poetry of this great poet and moreover to compare it with the art and thoughts of the said great Persian poets. By pointing out the resemblance and similarity in the poetry of Sultan Bahu and said five Persian poets, this thesis will open new scenarios for teachers, students and lovers of Persian and Punjabi poetry