جنات کی حقیقت (اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں ایک تحقیقی جائزہ)

Some things we can not drive and achieve ethics from wisdom and philosophical thought.  Just as Jinnah (Jinn). Literary word Jinnah (jinn ) is derive from the Arabic alphabet means to hide or  cancel. Thus as their description suggests that  they are invisible physically. Different views has been recorded and reported that these are not a  created being, just a doubt or (whim) but others believe them a creature not a result of any hidden feeling  sense of thought but here sacred jurisprudence (shari’ah) states that they are created one like humans having proper way of  youth and puberty, having domestic life and science suffered towards death lastly human eye can  not see us bound to fulfill the requirement of shari’ah and observed to keep in different sects and tribes persuasion like us. Human and jinnat as power and authority.  Quran proves courtery which we can not ignore. “ I did not create the jinns and human except to worship me”(51/56). Islamic jurisprudence is the best source to prove to existence of jinns with beliefs and thick proof   as Rab e kareem say, s “ Indeed we created man from dried clay of  black smooth mud and we created the jinn before that from the smokeless flame of fire”.(15: 26/27)

Modeling of the Nanofluids Flow Problems in Rotating System and its Mathematical Analysis With Applications

In this thesis modeling of the nanofluid flow problems in rotating system and its mathematical analysis with applications are presented. Mathematical models for nanofluid between two parallel plates in a rotating system are developed using different affects. First we examine the combined effect of magnetic and electric field on micropolar nanofluid between two parallel plates in a rotating system. The nanofluid flow between two parallel plates is taken under the influence of Hall current. The flow of micropolar nanofluid has been assumed in steady state. The rudimentary governing equations have been changed to a set of differential nonlinear and coupled equations using suitable similarity variables. An optimal approach has been used to acquire the solution of the modeled problems. The convergence of the method has been shown numerically. The impact of the Skin friction on velocity profile, Nusslet number on temperature profile and Sherwood number on concentration profile have been studied. The influences of the Hall currents, rotation, Brownian motion and thermophoresis analysis of micropolar nanofluid have been mainly focused in this work. Moreover, for comprehension the physical presentation of the embedded parameters have been plotted and deliberated graphically.Basic concept of fluid their types, governing equations, thermal conductivity, dimensionless numbers, applications and the methodologies which are used in later chapters are presented in chapter 0ne. Introduction, history, literature of the work is given in chapter two. In chapter four heat and mass transmission effects of non-Newtonian electrically conducting nanofluid flows, considering (third grad fluid) between two parallel plates with rotating system has been analyzed. The problem is demonstrated in such a way that the upper plate is static and the lower plate is stretched. The nanofluid flows of third grade fluid under the influence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion in a rotating system is the main goal of this study. The variation of the heat flux, mass flux and their effects on the temperature and concentration profiles have been analyzed numerically.Chapter five aims to examine the micropolar nanofluid flow of Casson fluid between two parallel plates in a rotating system with effects of thermal radiation. The effect of Hall current on the micropolar nanofluids have been taken into account. The flow of micropolar nanofluid has been assumed in steady state. The impact of the Hall current, Brownian motion and thermophoresis analysis of micropolar Casson nanofluid have been mainly focused in this work. Chapter six deals with Darcy-Forchheimer three-dimensional micropolar rotational nanofluid flow of single wall and multiwall carbon nanotubes base on the fluids (water, engine oil, ethylene glycol and kerosene oil). The nanofluid flow is examined between parallel and horizontal plates in a rotating system. The micropolar nanofluid in permeable media is designated by assuming the Darcy-Forchheimer model where drenching permeable space obeys the Darcy-Forchheimer expression. The thermal radiation impact is taken to be varying in the absorption/generation for the purpose, to see the concentration as well as the temperature modifications between the nanofluid and the surfaces. The impacts of the porosity, rotation and inertia coefficient analysis have been mainly focused in this research. Plots have been presented in order to examine how the velocities and temperature profile get affected by various flow parameters.In chapter seven a mathematical model is developed to examine the heat transmission performance of electrically conducting MHD flow of a Casson ferrofluid over a stretching sheet. The impact of embedded parameters on velocity, micro-rotation velocity, and temperature profiles have been shown graphically and discussed in detail.Conclusion of the research work is given with details in chapter eight.