Pengaruh Konsep Diri dan Disiplin Belajar terhadap Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 4 Palu Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam

The purpose of this study is to find out the significant effect of self-concept on learning motivation of VII grade students in SMP Negeri 4 Palu on Islamic Religious Education subjects, (2) knowing the effect of learning discipline on learning motivation of VII grade students at SMP Negeri 4 Palu in the eyes of Islamic Religious Education subjects and (3) determine the effect of self-concept and learning discipline on learning motivation of grade VII students in SMP Negeri 4 Palu on Islamic Religious Education subjects. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study were 220 class VII students of SMP Negeri 4 Palu. The sample was determined using proportional random sampling technique using a formula developed by Isaac and Michael, so that a sample of 135 students was obtained. Primary data were obtained using a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques include descriptive analysis, and regression tests using simple regression and multiple regression. The results showed that (1) There was a significant influence between self-concept on learning motivation of VII grade students in SMP Negeri 4 Palu on Islamic Religious Education subjects, with a significance level of 5%, the magnitude of the effect of self-concept variables on students' learning motivation was 0, 615 means having a high influence (2) There is a significant influence between learning discipline on learning motivation of VII grade students in SMP Negeri 4 Palu on Islamic Religious Education subjects, with a significance level of 5%, the magnitude of the effect of the discipline of learning variables on motivation student learning is 0, 565, (3) There is a significant influence between self-concept and learning discipline on learning motivation of grade VII students in SMP Negeri 4 Palu on Islamic Religious Education subjects, with a significance level of 5%, the high influence of concept variables self and discipline of learning towards learning motivation of VII grade students of SMP Nege ri 4 Palu in Islamic Religious Education subjects is 0, 615. The contribution of self-concept variables and learning discipline to learning motivation variables is R2 x 100% or 0, 6152 x 100% = 37.9%, the remaining 62.1% is determined by other variables outside of this study include the level of interest, talent, attention, parenting parents and others.

Enhancing Bioavailable Phosphorous in Soil Through Sulfur Oxidation by Thiobacillus

Phosphorus (P) fertilizer use efficiency is only 15 % in calcareous alkaline soils as in Pakistan. Sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) especially Thiobacillus spp. solubilize the unavailable P in soil by synthesizing sulfuric acid. This study was performed in three steps: (i) screening of SOB from different microbial ecologies, (ii) use of different SOB with S levels for enhancing bio-available P, and (iii) effect of SOB along with P fertilizer and S on plant growth and yield. Sulfur oxidizing bacteria were isolated, screened, identified and the most efficient SOB were found as the genus Thiobacillus in sulfur based ecologies such as industrial wastewater, sewerage water and sulfur mud. These SOB isolates were IW1, SW2, SS1, IW13, IW14, IW16 and SM1 which reduced the pH of different media (thiosulphate, tricalcium phosphate and rock phosphate) in 07 to 40 days after inoculation. Four Thiobacillus isolates viz., IW16, SW2, IW1 and IW14 were inoculated in soil with three S levels 50, 37.5 and 25 mg kg-1. Thiobacillus spp. IW16 and SW2 reduced soil pH with 50 mg S kg-1 from 7.90 to 7.12 and 7.28 respectively. Similarly, Thiobacillus strain IW16 in combination with 50 mg S kg-1 reduced CaCO3 contents from 7.14 to 6.93 % and solubilized Ca8-P and Ca10- P. Increase in the concentration of sparingly soluble Ca2-P (20.33 mg kg-1) and xvii bioavailable P contents (net increase of 22.26 mg kg-1) were also recorded as a result of P solubilization phenomenon. Lastly field experiments were conducted on two permanent lay outs (plot size 3 m × 3 m) at two different places growing for rice-wheat and maize-maize crops. The best Thiobacillus isolates (IW16 and SW2) along with 100 kg S ha-1 were inoculated in combination with two doses of P fertilizer viz., 45 and 90 kg P2O5 ha . Significant increase in the concentration of bio-available P in soil was recorded through bacterial S oxidation in both experiments. Growth and yield parameters of the tested crops (rice, wheat and maize) exhibited positive significant correlation with P solubilization through S oxidation by Thiobacilli with the highest values by strain IW16 along with 100 kg S ha-1. Interaction between Thiobacillus spp. and S was highly significant in enhancing the growth and yield of crops. Treatment of soil with Thiobacilli and S was the best practice for enhancing bioavailability of P already present as fixed P in huge quantity.