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Utilization of Pomegranate Fruit Waste As Value Added Drink

Thesis Info

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Author

Khalil, Anees Ahmed

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Food Science & Technology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9628/1/Anees_Ahmed_Khan_2016_Food_Tech_UAF_13.02.2017.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727653233

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The present investigation was an attempt to explore the nutraceutical potential of pomegranate peel and bagasse extracts based value added/functional drinks against various metabolic syndromes. Three different pomegranate varieties namely Kandhari, Desi and Badana were nutritionally characterized followed by punicalagin quantification, product development and finally the bio-efficacy trial was carried to evaluate health benefits of respective drinks against hypercholesterolemia and diabetes. The nutritional analysis revealed that pomegranate peel and bagasse are a good source of protein, fiber, fat, potassium (K) and calcium (Ca). For the extraction of polyphenols three types of solvent were used i.e. methanol (50%), ethanol (50%) and ethyl acetate (50%). Amongst tested pomegranate peels & bagasses, Kandhari variety demonstrated the highest total phenolic contents (TPC) [259.05±27.40 & 30.67±4.72 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE)], total flavonoid contents (TFC) [53.53±6.14 & 8.86±1.91 mg/g rutin equivalent (RE)] and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH (70.66±7.44 & 42.30±5.75%)], likewise, maximum TPC (272.68±17.03 & 31.72±4.75 mg/g GAE), TFC (54.90±3.89 & 8.74±2.48 mg/g RE) and DPPH (72.41±5.87 & 43.34±5.97%) were noticed in methanolic extract of all varieties. The pomegranate peels and bagasses of all varieties were quantified by HPLC that depicted 110.59±8.84 mg/g and 1.77±0.41 mg/g of punicalagin, respectively. Afterwards, in product development phase, three types of value added drinks were formulated as drink containing pomegranate peel extract (D1), drink containing bagasse extract (D2) alongside with control (D0) for comparison purpose. The prepared drinks were subjected to physicochemical characterization during two months storage interval. In this milieu, storage intervals and treatments imparted significant effect on color tonality parameters of value added drinks. Moreover, storage interval substantially affected pH and acidity of drinks except for total soluble solids (TSS). Sensory scores of formulated value added drinks decreased with the progression of storage time however, the scores remained within acceptable range throughout the course of study. The efficacy trial was conducted on male Sprague Dawley rats. Accordingly, three types of studies were designed i.e. study I (normal rats), study II (hypercholesterolemic rats) and study III (diabetic rats). Additionally, each study was further divided into three groups G-1, G-2 and G-3 depending on the drinks i.e. D0, D1 and D2 that they were subjected to respectively. The body weights of experimented rats were affected substantially due to the application of value added drinks in all studies. The pomegranate peel extract based drink (D1) resulted in maximum decline in serum cholesterol values during study I, II & III by 3.09, 14.52 & 10.26% likewise a pronounced reduction in LDL and triglyceride levels was evaluated due to utilization of drink D1 (3.75, 14.86 & 11.75% and 3.12, 9.99 & 7.05%) followed by D2 (2.02, 10.74 & 7.72% and 2.89, 5.63 & 4.22%), respectively. Similarly, HDL increases significantly due to administration of value added drinks in study II and III. As far as antidiabetic perspectives are concerned, a substantial decline (p˂0.05) in serum glucose level was observed in study II (7.50 & 5.11%) and study III (13.28 & 8.71%) due to consumption of drink D1 & D2, correspondingly. Nevertheless, a substantial increase in insulin level was documented in D1 (5.66 & 8.74%) and D2 (3.38 & 4.37%) administrated groups during study II & III. Moreover, for the assessment of anti-oxidative markers, glutathione level was enhanced and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level was reduced by utilization of value added drinks. The results of liver and kidney functioning tests as well as hematological attributes ensured the safety of value added drinks. It is inferred from the present exploration that Kandhari pomegranate peel was more effective as compared to Kandhari bagasse based drinks to mitigate hypercholesterolemia and diabetes.
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مولانا سید ابوالحسن علی ندوی

مولانا سیدابوالحسن علی ندوی
داعی الیٰ اﷲ کی وفات
افسوس اور سخت افسوس ہے کہ محفلِ دوشیں کا وہ چراغ سحر جو پچھلے برس ہی سے ضعف و مرض کے جھونکوں سے بجھ بجھ کر سنبھل جاتا تھا بالآخر ہمیشہ کے لیے بجھ گیا۔ یعنی اس دور کے بہت مقبول و مقدس بزرگ، دنیائے اسلام کے محبوب و محترم عالم، عرب و عجم کی سرمایہ افتخار و نازش ذات، شرق و غرب کی موقر و مکرم ہستی، ہر فرقہ و مذہب کے معزز و معتمد شخص، انسانیت کے پیام رساں اور علمبردار، مسلمانوں کے راہبر و رہنما، دین و مذہب کے عاشق و شیدائی، اسلام کے داعی و نقیب، ایمان و یقین کے حامل و مبلغ، عزیمت و جہاد کے پیکر، خانہ کعبہ کے کلید بردار، ہندوستان میں سرمایہ ملت کے نگہبان، ندوۃ العلماء کے ناظم، دارالمصنفین کے روح رواں، مسلم پرسنل لابورڈ اور دینی تعلیمی کونسل کے صدر، رابطہ عالمِ اسلامی اور مدینہ یونیورسٹی کے تاسیسی رکن، رابطہ ادب اسلامی کے بانی و صدر اسلامی سینٹر آکسفورڈ یونیورسٹی کے چیرمین اور ہندو بیرونِ ہند کے مختلف اداروں اور انجمنوں کے سربراہوں اور سرپرست حضرت مولانا سیدابوالحسن علی ندوی نے ۲۲؍ رمضان المبارک ۱۴۲۰؁ھ، ۳۱؍ دسمبر ۱۹۹۹؁ء کو اس سرائے فانی کو الوداع کہا، انا ﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون، اور اپنے لاکھوں عقیدت مندوں، قدردانوں، رفیقوں اور عزیزوں کو غم زدہ اور سوگوار چھوڑ کر زبان حال سے یہ کہتے ہوئے موت کی آغوش میں چلے گئے۔
اضا عونی وای فتی اضا عوا
لیوم کریھۃ و سدا و ثغر
بیسویں صدی کے اختتام سے ایک برس پہلے جب شمسی سال کے ختم ہونے میں ایک دن رہ گیا تھا تو یہ المناک اور دل دوز خبر بجلی بن کر گری۔
نعی الرکب اوفی حین آیت رکا بھم
لعمری لقد جاؤ ابشر فاوجعوا
نعواباسق الا فعال لایخلفونہ
تکاد...

Determining the Occupational Health and Safety of Workers in The Food Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan

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The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital in Relationship Between Intellectual Capital and Organizational Performance

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