عہد رسالت سے قبل قیام امن کے اقدامات

The teachings of all religions are based on peace but the Islamic principles of peace surpass others in their effectiveness. For the attainment of peace and harmony in this world, it is imperative to respect all the religions. The Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ) was indeed a peacemaker and a mercy to all the mankind. The author of this paper feels that it is also very important to study the history of Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ) prior to his prophethood, because, those a as image and reputation (صلى الله عليه وسلم) his shaped that years the were peacemaker in the eyes of the people of Makkah. His early years of virtue soon followed by a lifetime of nobleness and greatness. The incident of the placing the Black Stone, for example, is a confirmation to the said fact. It is one of the first examples in the life. Goodwill nurturing and conflicts mitigating of (صلى الله عليه وسلم) prophet the of or himself by stone the placed have could (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy The asked anyone of the elders of his nation to do it, but being a peacemaker, he saw that, thatwas going to be a model to mitigate conflicts and nurture goodwill among the leaders of the tribes., first the of milestone the laid (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad Prophet The the just and the civilized human society. A commitment to peace was a way of his life. This is the quality that ought to become the cornerstone of the policy and the personality of a sound Muslim leader.

Communication Theory: The Problems of Self-Expression, Comprehension and Communicative Urge

The thesis hypothesizes that communicative competence is situational and relative because it is theme as well as age reliant. The potential of a theme of communication for inducing communicative involvement is different for different age-groups. Communication is a reciprocal process and the communicative gusto of a communicative setting depends on whether or not its theme is somewhere within the imaginative and psycho-social frontiers of the participants. Such a potential of a theme of communication for ignition / inducement communication needs investigation. The approach and the subsequent selection of the reading texts of the Intermediate Level presently used as language teaching material in Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan do not meet the requirement. The themes of many of these texts are too thick, erudite and off -the- wall for the teenagers to make their discourse. They tend more towards the discourse of the teachers i.e. the discourse of the aged and elderly than the discourse of the students (teenage level). As an alternative approach, the researcher has put to test another theme – Recollections – encompassing and embodying the spirit of the discourse advocated by the research's hypothesis. The analyses of the data obtained via three questionnaires confirm that English language classroom in Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa is a site of two conflicting discourses: the discourse of teenagism and the discourse of English perceptual assumptions maintained through the selection of foreign reading texts. As the selection of the reading texts is made by teachers, it is, to an extent, the linguistic realization of their social interests. The pro-teacher nature of the reading texts creates problems of selfexpression and comprehension for the students – it dampens their communicative urge.