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Home > Investigation of Sensing Properties of Semitransparent Ptb7-Th and Pcbm Blend for Electronic Applications

Investigation of Sensing Properties of Semitransparent Ptb7-Th and Pcbm Blend for Electronic Applications

Thesis Info

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Author

Riaz, Muhammad

Program

PhD

Institute

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology

City

Swabi

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Engineering Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11339/1/Muhammad%20Riaz_Engg%20Sci%20%28App%20Phy_2019_GIKI_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727782202

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PTB7-Th and PCBM are two of the most prominent materials in the area of organics and polymer solar cell applications. These materials are well investigated in the area of solar cell application. In this work sensing properties of PTB7-Th and PCBM were investigated on the basis of two types of structure, surface type and semi-surface type. In this work semitransparent sensor for temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiations and pressure sensing were fabricated. The transparency of semi-surface type device having structure ITO/PTB7-Th:PCBM/Graphene composite was 58-60%. The dependences of the resistance, impedance and capacitance at frequencies 100 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz and 200 kHz and temperature in the range of 23.8-80 oC for the sensor were studied. It was observed that as the temperature increased from 23.8 oC to 80.0 oC the resistance, impedance and capacitance (at 1 kHz) of the samples decreased, on the average, by a factor of 3.51, 3.79 and 9.6, respectively. It was also noted that as frequency increased from 100 Hz to 200 kHz, the impedance of the sensor decreased by a factor of 21 and 12, at temperatures 24 oC and 58 oC, respectively. Under the same conditions the capacitance decreased by a factor of 30 and 28, respectively. The temperature resistance coefficients were measured to be -1.31%/oC, -1.30%/oC, -1.27%/oC, -0.84%/oC, -0.72 %/oC and 0.33%/oC for R, Z(100 Hz), Z(1 kHz), Z(10 kHz), Z(100 kHz) and Z(200 kHz), respectively. For capacitance measurement the temperature capacitance coefficients were measured as -1.39%/oC, -1.38 %/oC, -1.37%/oC, -1.36%/oC and -1.34%/oC, respectively. The dependences of the resistance, impedance and capacitance at 100 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz and 200 kHz of the ITO/PTB7-Th:PCBM/Graphene composite samples on relative humidity in the range of (50-93)% was investigated. It was observed that as humidity increased from 50% to 93% the resistance and impedances (at 1 kHz) of the samples decreased, on the average, by a factor of 7.48 and 58.75, respectively. Under the same experimental conditions (1 kHz) the capacitances of the samples increased by a factor of 42. As we increased frequency from 100 Hz to 200 kHz, the impedance decreased by a factor of 20 and 7 at relative humidity of 50% and 62%, respectively. The corresponding capacitance decreased by a factor of 33 and 178, respectively. The semitransparent combined sandwich-surface type samples ITO/PTB7-Th:PCBM/ Graphene composite were fabricated for UV effect investigation. The sensor was annealed at 60 oC for 2hrs and its measured transparency was around (29-30)%. The dependence of impedance and capacitance at frequencies 100 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz and 200 kHz of the samples under the effect of UV-light were investigated. It was observed that as intensity of UV-light increased from zero to 20,000 µw/cm2, the impedance of the samples decreased by a factor of 1.35(at 100 Hz), 1.24(at 1 kHz), 1.22(at 10 kHz), 1.12(at 100 kHz), and 1.09(at 200 kHz), respectively. Under same conditions the capacitance of the samples increased by a factor of 1.25(at 100 Hz), 1.24(at 1 kHz), 1.18(at 10 kHz), 1.14(at 100 kHz) and 1.08(at 200 kHz), respectively. Within frequency range 100 Hz - 200 kHz the impedance decreased by a factor of 56.8(intensity of UV=0), 50.6(UV=10000 µw/cm2), 47.0(UV=150000 µw/cm2) and 45.6(UV=200000 µw/cm2), respectively. Under the same conditions and frequency range the capacitance decreased by a factor of 19.4(intensity of UV=0), 19.5(UV=5000 µw/cm2), 19.6(UV=10000 µw/cm2), 20.1(UV=150000µw/cm2), and 21.2(UV=200000 µw/cm2), respectively. We attribute these differences due to the generation of electronhole pairs under UV-irradiation and by the increase of their concentration, by presence of the built-in capacitance and possible frequency dependence of the mobility of the charges. The semitransparent PTB7-Th and PCBM based temperature, humidity and UV sensors can be used as a teaching aid in situations where visual control of illumination and light intensity is required. We investigated surface morphology and nano-mechanicals properties of PTB7Th:PCBM thin film deposited over different substrates, before and after heat treatment at 1500C. It was observed that PCBM crystals are formed due to annealing. The nanomechanical properties show very interesting and promising behaviors, in particular, of pop-out region in the unloading curve and uniform thin film properties with best reproducibility. This pop-out vanished as the substrate changed from glass to glass/ITO and suggested that the pop-out is not only temperature dependent but also depends on substrate properties.
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شیما رضوی

شیما رضوی
(اشتیاق احمد ظلی)
یہ سطریں لکھی جاچکی تھیں کہ اترپردیش اردو اکیڈمی کی سابق چیرمین محترمہ شیما رضوی کے اچانک انتقال کی خبر بھی آئی، سیاسی نظریات سے قطع نظر وہ دارالمصنفین کی قدرداں تھیں، مولانا اصلاحی مرحوم سے عقیدت رکھتی تھیں، ان سے اردو والوں کو توقعات بھی تھیں۔ وزارت اور اہم عہدوں کے حصول کے بعد بھی، خاندانی شرافت اور تربیت کے زیور سے آراستہ رہیں، دعا ہے کہ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان سب سے مغفرت و رحمت کا معاملہ فرمائے، آمین۔ ( اگست ۲۰۰۹ء)

 

علوم حدیث پر برصغیر کی اردو کتب کا تعارفی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The Hadith were account usually brief of the words and actions of the beloved Prophet, [May Allah Bless him and grant him peace]. As Such, they were subjected to intense security by generations of Muslim Scholars. The Principles to authenticate and document this literature along with it peculiar terminology called Usool-e-Hadith. This unique Science is a historic achievement of early Muslim scholars, having and history of centuries contributing to its evolution. In the opinion of the Late 'Allama Rashid Rida of Egypt, "The Indian Muslims are playing the leading role in the diffusion and dissemination of Hadith learning in the world to-day. As a matter of fact, according to him, but for the painstaking labour of the Indian Muslims towards the cultivation of the science of al-Hadith, it would have well nigh died down." A number of Scholars in the Indo-Pak sub-continent have produced an extensive work on the subject in Urdu language as well, during last century. My Research work focuses on analytical study of the same books on Usool-e-Hadith.

An Analysis of Gaps in Policy and Practice of District Education Officers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

The role of District Education Officers has been redefined due to the speedy development in technology and trends in the area of education. The purpose of the study was to analyze gaps in policy and practice of District Education officers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The objectives of the study were (1) To study the existing policies and practices of District Education Officers, (2) To identify the gaps between policy and practices of the District Education Officers, (3) To suggest remedial solution in order to bring their practice in line with institutional policies of the education department. The study posed research questions such as (1) Whether District Education Officers have any awareness about the institutional policies? (2) What are the gaps in policies and practices of District Education Officers? (3) What remedial solution this study can propose for bringing the administrative practices of District Education Officers in line with the institutional policies given to them by the department? The study was carried out in all twenty-five districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to compare institutional policies with the actual practices of the District Education Officers in order to identify gaps for remedial solutions. All 50 (100%) District Education Officers (twenty-five males and twenty-five female) of all 25 districts was a part of the study. In addition, eight provincial level officers designated as Chief Planning Officer, Director, Additional Director Planning and Development-I, Additional Director Planning and Development-II, Deputy Director Establishment, Deputy Directress Establishment, Deputy Directress Planning and Development and Deputy Directress Trainings Department of Elementary and Secondary Education Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan were selected as sample for interview. The relevant literature and office documents were reviewed for the purpose of knowing policy initiatives and drawing indicators for preparation of research instruments. The data obtained through questionnaire and interview were analyzed, interpreted and supported by statistical instruments which resulted in a couple of findings. The important gaps between policies and practices of District Education Officers that emerged from the study included lack of in-service training in Computer Literacy, Office Management, Financial Management, Human Resource Management, Planning & Development and Communication Skills. The study also found the gaps of lack of awareness of District Education Officers about the policies. To bridge up the identified gaps, feasible recommendations were formulated such as to train the concerned officers in the area of knowledge, skills and attitude. The study also recommended that DEOs should be a part of policy formulation, implementation and evaluation in order to bring their practices in line with policies. The District Education Officers should be empowered in their practices. The unwarranted political intervention in the practices of District Education Officers should be stopped by the Government. The study recommended the Elementary & Secondary Education Department should take measures to utilize fully both human and financial resources for optimal implementation of policies.