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Slim+ Advanced - Simple Lightweight and Intuitive Multicast Protocol for Manets

Thesis Info

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Author

Hussaini, Nazish Nawaz

Program

PhD

Institute

Isra University

City

Hyderabad

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Computer Science

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9894/1/Nazish_Nawaz_Hussaini_Computer_Science_HSR_2018_Isra_Hyd_02.11.2018.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727835208

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Mobile Ad-hoc networking (MANET) is an evolving field of wireless networks where nodes form a temporary network without any central administration. To establish communication with a distant node in a multi-hop fashion, intermediate nodes must work as router to forward data packets for other nodes. A routing protocol is therefore needed to find routes for end-to-end communication. The topology of the network changes frequently and unpredictably due to high mobility of nodes, hence making routing a very challenging task. Typically MANETs were supposed to be a closed group of nodes communicating with each other. The group members were well-defined and pre-registered; new nodes may not be allowed to join the network due to strict group management. However the situation has changed and MANETs are getting popular in open groups e.g. VANETs and local area social networks(Stieglitz & Fuchß, 2011).Now any node can join or leave the network without permission. Much of the research work has been done for close group MANETs while a little has been done for the open group MANETs. While unicasting (one-to-one communication) and broadcasting (one-to-all communication) are two extreme modes of communications, but often a subgroup of nodes is the only target of a communication, e.g. teleconferencing or live media streaming, such communication is termed as Multicasting. An efficient multicast protocol tries to deliver data to all the target recipients with a minimum load on the network. This is achieved by establishing a distribution structure that avoids unnecessary data duplication. Several routing protocols have been proposed to achieve multicasting in MANETs. However these protocols are typically designed for many-to-many- teleconferencing type multicast applications and neglect the need of one-to-many TV/Radio streaming media type multicast applications. Further for open-groups, it is difficult for these protocols to maintain the group membership for such a highly volatile environment and hence result in degraded performance. In literature, only SLIM protocol was proposed to cater this need. However, we identified two shortcomings of SLIM -viz. (1) its dependence upon the underlying unicast routing protocol and (2) lack of advertisement mechanism that makes the new comers aware about the availability of a live media stream - a much needed feature in the open groups. In this thesis, we propose SLIM+ as an improvement that promises to fulfill the said gaps, implement it in NS2 simulator and evaluate its performance in comparison with the contemporary multicast routing protocols like PUMA and MAODV. The simulation results show that SLIM+ is indeed scalable, lightweight and simple protocol that outperforms its counterparts with respect to all the evaluated QoS parameters particularly PDR was observed above 75% and NRL was observed below 5%.
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طاہر وحید

کوئی ملتا ہی نہیں سوختہ پا میری طرح
جس کو معلوم ہو وحشت کا پتا میری طرح
میرے جیون کو اُداسی سے ملانے والا!
دشت میں پھِرتا رہے آبلہ پا میری طرح
میں نے احباب کو آواز لگا کر پوچھا
کوئی رہتا ہے شبِ غم میں سدا، میری طرح؟
اے کئی دن سے مرے ذہن پہ چھائے ہوئے شخص
تو مجھے وصل کے سپنے نہ دکھا میری طرح
رات بھر چاند کو احوال سنانے کے لیے
کیا ٹھہرتی ہے دریچوں میں ہوا، میری طرح؟
زندگی! میری طرف دیکھ کے ایماں سے بتا
ایک بھی شخص کوئی تجھ کو مِلا، میری طرح
تند اور تیز ہواؤں کے علاقے میں سعید
زیست کرتا ہے فقط دل کا دِیا میری طرح

مسلم عائلی قوانین آرڈیننس ۱۹۶۱ء کی دفعہ ۴ (یتیم پوتے وغیرہ کی میراث) : اسلامی احکام کی روشنی میں تحقیقی جائزہ

Issues of inheritance have been thoroughly maintained in the Holy Quran and Sunnah. As per these injunctions, the principle of AL’Aqrab fal’aqrab “the closest in kin” is to be observed. According to these principles, grandchildren, even though orphaned, have no right to inherit grandfather in the presence of direct children. On the other hand, section 4 of Muslim Family Laws, 1961 grants a share to orphaned grandchildren from the inheritance of his grandfather. Whereas, as per the constitution, no law can be enacted which is repugnant to the injunctions of the Holy Quran and Sunnah, now, whether the above mentioned section is in conformity with the injunctions of the Holy Quran and Sunnah or not is to be treated properly. If not, so from which perspective, it is repugnant to the Islamic Injunctions? These questions have been analysed critically in this paper and finally it has been concluded that section 4 of Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961 contrasts with the injunctions as laid down in the Holy Quran and Sunnah.

Identification of Freshwater Fish Bagarius Bagarius from River Chenab Through Dna Barcoding Technique

Fish is an aquatic animal bearing gills, and fins instead of limbs like other animals. Human beings living all around the world uses fish as the chief source for obtaining animal protein and thus play an essential role in food webs and aquatic ecosystems. Identification of fish can be perplexing particularly in tropical areas as they are rich with both fish fauna and flora. To overcome this problem dealing with identification, a DNA barcoding technique that consumes the section 50 of the MT-CO1 is used. It is a well-known technique for unvarying species therefore helping in biodiversity evaluation and preservation. Taxonomists have initiated identification by using three techniques on DNA barcode regions. First, this barcoding technique can help in sorting out new species by comparing its DNA sequence with other species sequences finally placing them in different categories. DNA barcodes can assist in assigning varieties to known types especially in circumstances where conformation structures have disappeared or are deceptive e.g. in situation of species samples existing in two forms. Barcodes can be worn as an addition to other classification data files in the course of marking out species limitations. The reason why I am going to conduct this study is to find the gene arrangement of Bagarius bagarius fish species that I captured from Head Trimmu of River Chenab so that I can match its DNA sequence with sequence of this same specie already present in GenBank and BOLD. Results of my study showed 99% resemblance of these sequences. Hence this resemblance can help in identification of this respective species through DNA Barcoding and we can easily identify our specie among other fishes