خطابت نبوی اور قبل از اسلام فن خطابت

Oratory (خطا بت) has been of much importance in human history. In pre Islamic period a speaker had a very important place in Arab society. Speaker used to address on many different occaisions& nbsp; i.e war, death and marriage etc. But there were many faults in their speeches and speech methods. When Hazrat Muhammad (SWA) who is last prophet of Allah announced& nbsp; his prophethood, & nbsp; Allah bestowed him with many qualities; one of them is& nbsp; oratory or eloquence. Muhaddiseen have narrated more than six hundred& nbsp; speeches of Hazart Muhammad (SWA) in their books. The art of oration of Hazrat Muhammad (SWA)and& nbsp; art of oration in pre Islamic period will& nbsp; be discussed in this ariticle. Currently& nbsp; different Muslim speakers& nbsp; deliver speeches& nbsp; in different ways& nbsp; which are not according& nbsp; to Sunnah of Hazrat Muhammad, (SWA)Due to this practice& nbsp; they are criticised& nbsp; by the masses. This article will help them to adopt the qualities of the oratory of Hazrat Muhammad(SWA).

Relationship Between Workplace Mistreatment and On-Job Behavior Psychological Capital As Moderator

Workplace mistreatment is a workplace stressor which has adverse effect on work outcomes. Due to its inimical consequences, an ample of research has been conducted during last few years to cope mistreatment at workplace. This study investigates the moderating role of psychological capital on the relationship between workplace mistreatment (workplace incivility, abusive supervision, workplace mobbing) and on-job behaviors (job performance, organizational citizenship behavior towards organization, organizational citizenship behavior towards individuals and counterproductive work behavior towards organization, counterproductive behavior towards individuals). Multisource data was collected through questionnaires from faculty members serving in universities in Pakistan. The data for independent variables i.e. workplace mistreatment and moderating variable i.e. psychological capital was collected from 408 faculty members in first step, the data for on-job behaviors (job performance, organizational citizenship behavior towards organization, organization citizenship behavior towards individuals) was collected from their supervisors and data for (counterproductive work behavior towards organization, counterproductive behavior towards individuals) was collected from their peers. The results of the study revealed that workplace mistreatment (workplace incivility, abusive supervision, workplace mobbing) has significant relationship with and job performance, organizational citizenship behavior towards organization, organizational citizenship behavior towards individuals. The results also revealed that psychological capital moderates the relationship between workplace mistreatment (workplace incivility, abusive supervision, workplace mobbing) and job performance, organizational citizenship xvi behavior towards organization, organizational citizenship behavior towards individuals. However, in case of counterproductive work behavior towards organization, counterproductive behavior towards individuals, diverse results are revealed. Guidelines and recommendations are provided to Higher Education Commission, Pakistan and university management to tackle workplace mistreatment in the universities in Pakistan. Future research directions are discussed