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Goal: Enrichment of Algebra Grade 8Th Through Resource Based Teaching and Learning

Thesis Info

Author

Zaidi, Syeda Rubina

Department

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Program

MEd

Institute

Aga Khan University

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2005

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727938485

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In April 2005 three course participants of M.Ed at AKU-IED were sent to the community-based school Sunshine Academy where they executed three different educational projects based on their areas of specialization (Mathematics, English and Science) and school's needs. After having an in-depth understanding of needs certain gaps were found by the team members. Being the leader of the project ‘’to know what is unknown’’, my concern was to address the needs of Mathematics teachers who wanted to enhance their pedagogical knowledge and skills of teaching Algebra. In the light of our experience (project leader and two project participants) this report provides guidance for those teachers, who want to teach algebra meaningfully and enjoyably for students; and teachers educators, who are looking forward to select project development course in their M.Ed. program. The report describes both the processes and the product of the project. The report reviewed the whole process of project development in a reflective way. That project development not only provides the room for developing other teachers effectively, and but also it builds leaders' own capacity of need analyzing, planning, implementing and evaluating the educational projects. For teachers this report provides a perspective on teaching and learning algebra in class 8th. It is discovered during the project that students' understanding will be greatly increased as teachers gain a better understanding of how students learn algebra. Most teachers do not use concrete material because they do not understand the connections between arithmetic and algebra or how students' algebraic understanding, reasoning and thinking kills develop. Introduction of alternative ways of teaching algebra through professional development sessions encompassed the increased use of manipulative in the form of; stories, games, and algebraic tiles. It was explored that as teachers were exposed to the curriculum objectives, they began to utilize instructional method that increased students' understanding of algebraic learning. Not only incorporating new ways of teaching effectively into the curriculum has been controversial, but it was difficult and demanding as well. Teachers were worried about covering the syllabus but these worries were reduced by using textbook-based activities. The recommendations in this report capture the role of teachers to be vigilant and supportive while using new ways of teaching. However, teachers must have the time and the opportunity to explore and reflect on the role of resources in Mathematics' teaching.
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فهرس الآيات القرآنية

الرقم المسلسل

فهرست الآیات القرآنیۃ

  1.  

إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُ وَقُرْآنَهُ  فَإِذَا قَرَأْنَاهُ فَاتَّبِعْ قُرْآنَه

  1.  

لَا يُصَدَّعُونَ عَنْهَا وَلَا يُنْزِفُونَ

  1.  

لا مَقْطُوعَةٍ وَلا مَمْنُوعَةٍ

  1.  

واشْتَعَلَ الرَّأْسُ شَيْبًا

  1.  

وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ

  1.  

’’ لَا يَأْتِيهِ الْبَاطِلُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَلَا مِنْ خَلْفِهِ تَنْزِيلٌ مِنْ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ ‘‘

  1.  

﴿ وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَا لِلنَّاسِ فِي هَذَا الْقُرْآنِ مِنْ كُلِّ مَثَل

  1.  

غُلِبَتْ الرُّومُ *فِي أَدْنَى الأَرْضِ وَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِمْ سَيَغْلِبُونَ

  1.  

سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ

  1.  

قُلْ لَئِنْ اجْتَمَعَتْ الإِنسُ وَالْجِنُّ عَلَى أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْقُرْآنِ لاَ يَأْتُونَ بِمِثْلِهِ،

  1.  

فَلْيَأْتُوا بِحَدِيثٍ مِثْلِهِ إِنْ كَانُوا صَادِقِينَ

  1.  

قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِعَشْرِ سُوَرٍ مِثْلِهِ

  1.  

فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ

  1.  

أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَرَاهُ قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِثْلِهِ وَادْعُوا مَنْ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ

  1.  

وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَا لِلنَّاسِ فِي هَذَا الْقُرْآنِ مِنْ كُلِّ مَثَلٍ

  1.  

أَفَسِحْرٌ هَذَا أَمْ أَنْتُمْ لاَ تُبْصِرُونَ

  1.  

ذَرْنِي وَمَنْ خَلَقْتُ وَحِيدًا

  1.  

" غَيْرَ مُتَبَرِّجَاتٍ بِزِينَةٍ "

  1.  

فِيهَا أَنْهَارٌ مِنْ مَاءٍ غَيْرِ آسِنٍ

  1.  

لَوْلَا أَنْ تُفَنِّدُونِ

  1.  

" يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ

  1.  

لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ فِي كَبَد

  1.  

اللسانيات والصوتيات الجنائية

الملخص: هدف هذا البحث للتعرف على أهمية اللسانيات والصوتيات الجنائية، واشتمل البحث على مبحثين، تناول الأول التعريف باللسانيات الجنائية ومجالاتها، واستعرض الثاني أهمية الصوتيات الجنائية وأهميتها في الإثبات الجنائي. استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي وتوصل البحث إلى النتائج، أهمها، أن اللغة متعلقة بالعلوم الإنسانية، والعلوم القانونية ومنها (الجنائية) أقرب العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية باللسانيات. وأن علم اللسانيات الجنائي، يقصد به الاحتكام إلى اللغة والاستعانة بها باعتبارها وسيلة من وسائل إثبات تهمة ما أو نفيها. ويشمل علم اللسانيات الجنائية مجالات متعددة، تساعد في الكشف عن بعض الجرائم، وتساعد في نفي أو إثبات الأدلة. واللسانيات الجنائية مثلها مثل التخصصات الاجتماعية الأخرى، لها مصطلحاتها ولها طبيعتها وفي نفس الوقت أدى إلزامها لبقية أفراد المجتمع فلابد أن تكون مفهومة لهم، فمصطلحاتها خارج الحلقة الطبيعية لدائرة المفاهيم المتعارف عليها في علوم اللغة الأم بين أفراد نفس المجتمع اللغوي. وعلى عالم اللغة الجنائي أن يلم في ظواهر الدراسات اللغوية، وملامح استخدامات اللغة وتراكيبها. ويتركز اهتمام الصوتيات الجنائية على الجوانب الصوتية للكلام التي يمكن أن تستخدم كدليل جنائي.

Impact of Urbanization of Economic Growth in Pakistan This study analyzes the impact of urbanization on economic growth of Pakistan from 1975 to 2010. We develop five models in order to examine the impact of urbanization on economic growth. We formulate a model in which impact of urbanization on overall economic growth. Real per capita income growth RPYG , urbanization UR , Government expenditure G , capital stock KS and inflation INF are the explanatory variables. This study utilizes co-integration theory and error correcting model to make an empirical research on the relation between urbanization and GDP in Pakistan. Johansan Co-integration Test is used as econometric technique in order to estimate the model.

The result of the study shows that urbanization affects economic growth positively and significantly, the result shows a long-term balance relationship between urbanization and economic growth. Furthermore, we check the impact of urbanization on economic growth of different sectors of the economy. The results show that urbanization and GDP of agriculture sector are negatively and significantly related to each other. However there is strong positive relationship between urbanization and GDP of industrial sector, manufacture and services sectors. Overall the results indicate that urbanization is an important component of economic growth.