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The Implementation of Student-Centered Teaching in Grade Four and Six Mathematics Classrooms

Thesis Info

Author

Jan, Rahmat

Department

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Program

MEd

Institute

Aga Khan University

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2007

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727995612

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This research was conducted in a private school to explore the processes and issues related to teachers' implementation of student-centered teaching approach in mathematics classrooms. Within the qualitative paradigm, I used the case study approach to explore the perceptions of my research participants about the student-centered teaching. It is commonly observed that most of our schools are using teacher-centered approaches. As a result, students' conceptual understanding is weak. It is an observation that such kinds of approaches are not successful in our context, because it is an observation that most of the students fail in mathematics. Therefore, the students perceive mathematics to be the most difficult subject. This problem is important, because as long as a reform in teaching approaches is not introduced, mathematics learning remains ineffective in schools. Thus, my aim was to search for such approaches which could be effective for student learning. Moreover, the purpose of this research was to improve my pedagogy and introduce an alternative approach in my own school, where mathematics is taught through teacher-centered approach. I selected the student-centered teaching approach (SCTA) for this purpose, so that I could study the process through which this approach affects students' learning of mathematics. It came to my knowledge that some private schools of Karachi, Pakistan, are using the Student-Centered Teaching Approach (SCTA). I decided to conduct my research in a private secondary school to see how SCTA was being implemented in the mathematics classroom. I conducted a qualitative research there and my method was an exploratory case study. I chose two mathematics teachers. One was teaching class IV and the other was teaching class VI. I observed six teaching sessions of each of them, along with conducting post-observation discussions and three interviews. The findings revealed that teachers were aware of studentcentered teaching and the strategies of its implementation. It was found that the teachers were implementing SCTA to some extent, because they used problem-solving and asking questions as the strategies for implementation of SCTA. It also was found out that they had a limited understanding of using these strategies. The research participants did less than what they were claiming. Thus, the study recommends that if the teachers are provided with concrete training opportunities, their teaching practices regarding SCTA will improve significantly.
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83. Al-Mutaffifin/The Defrauders

83. Al-Mutaffifin/The Defrauders

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

83:01
a. Woe to the defrauders,

83:02
a. those who take full measure when they measure against the people,

83:03
a. yet whenever it would be giving the right of others, they reduce the measure for themselves or weigh for themselves.

83:04
a. Do they not realize that they will be resurrected from their graves and held accountable for their cheating -

83:05
a. - during an Awful Time,

83:06
a. - the Time when everyone – all humankind - will stand accountable before Rabb - The Lord of all existence?

83:07
a. They think all will be equal at the Time of Final Judgment.
b. Not at all!
c. The book/record of deeds of the sinful will be preserved in Sijjeen.

83:08
a. And what may enable you to perceive Sijjeen?

83:09
a. It will be repository of a written book.

83:10
a. Woe, that Time, to those who belie -

83:11
a. those who belie persistently the truth of the Time of Final Judgment.

Surah 83 * Al-Mutaffifin 721

83:12
a. And no one can deny it, except every transgressor and sinful.

83:13
a. Whenever OUR Messages from The Qur’an are read out to him, he would rebuke:
b. ‘Fictional tales of an ancient people!’

83:14
a. Of course not!
b. Rather what they have earned has covered their hearts like rust.

احادیث نبویہ میں وارد احکام حیوانات کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Pakht┴n society has its own justice system which has different types of penalties and remedies to maintain the justice in the society. This study concentrates to investigate the nature of pecuniary punishment’s practice in distressing issues like killing, civil injuries and criminal offences. Perpetrators are punished to resolve the disputes. On one hand, this paper aims to find out answer to the methods of inflicting decisions in Pakhtan’s cult and on other hand, to shed light on the legal status of arbitration regarding resolving such issues in the light of Qur’an and Sunnah. Study results illustrate that in some cases the offenders are charged in term of money to facilitate the victims, while in other cases both of the parties, perpetrators and victims, are called upon on meal for reconciliation of their dispute. Besides this, sometimes it is observed that the offenders are not only awarded pecuniary punishment but they are exiled as well.

Mediating Role of Job Stress on the Relationship of Job Demand and Work Life Balance

The study aimed to investigate the mediating role of job stress on relationship of job demand and work-life balance of nurses working in Multan, Pakistan. The study is based on the review of existing literature and collection of data through self-administered questionnaire. Sample was selected from nurses working within Multan by using convenience and snowball sampling techniques of non-probability sampling. This is a cross-sectional study as data is collected form the respondents at one specific point in time. A total of 134 questionnaires in English and Urdu were distributed in sample using convenience and snowball sampling and asked personally to fill the questionnaires; all the respondents returned the questionnaires. The results showed that most of the nurses working in Multan are young, single and well-qualified. All the three variables are positively correlated to each other. The mediation model presented by Baron and Kenny (1986) is applied and tested by hierarchical regression analysis. The mediation is checked by two models: in model no.1 job demand predicted work-life balance and in model no.2 both job demand and job stress predicted work-life balance. The regression analysis showed that both job demand and job stress brought change in work-life balance and increase of 19.9% is noticed in model no.2 after addition of job stress. As hypothesized, the job demand though affects the work-life balance of nurses but when the job becomes more demanding it creates job stress which more adversely affects the work-life balance of nurses. The results are applicable to the nurses working in Multan. Future research may further study the issue by enhancing the sample size and by adding other variables such as ?staff morale? and ?workplace environment?. The practical suggestions include implementation of results to reduce the level of stress in nurses and improve their existing conditions.