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Home > Right of Religious Freedom in Shariah and Law: A Case Study of Pakistan

Right of Religious Freedom in Shariah and Law: A Case Study of Pakistan

Thesis Info

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Author

Mehmood, Attaullah Khan

Program

PhD

Institute

International Islamic University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Islamic Studies

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13246/1/Attaullah_Khan_Mehmood_Shariah_ILI_2016_HSR_IIU_7.12.2017.docx

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728098942

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The question of religious freedom and human rights has always been a corner stone of wide ranging discussions and an issue of immense importance in 20th century .Once viewed in overall realm of history, it predominantly figures out that issue offreedom of religion and worship always remained universal, self evident and inalienable. Notwithstanding the upheavals of civilizations liberty and choice of religion and dogmas perpetually remained consistent and irrevocable. Nature conferred liberty leaving at the absolute discretion of human beings to decide the discourse of life they wish to adopt. As a consequence of relentless and undaunted struggle by the flag bearers of human Rights, the right of freedom of religion is universally acclaimed through various international Conventions and Charters. Practicing a particular religion and worshipping God of own choice without any impediment is deemed an inalienable right of every human being. However in stark contrast to internationally accepted norms and principles, flagrant infringement to this unquestionable right in some of the intolerant civilizations and states portrays a disgusting picture. Believably lack of tolerance stems out of rigidity, myopic mindedness, and stagnancy. Those societies which do not let vent in the fresh ideas and appreciate divergent thoughts consequently plunge into deep ignominy of ignorance and darkness. As history bears testimony to the fact that unrelenting fanaticism and prejudices prevalent in various systems of mythologies, schools of thoughts and religions commonly stems out of intolerance and outright stubbornness subsequently leading to indiscriminate persecution and ultimate destruction of societies. Glaring examples of current history are State of India and Burma, where people are being indiscriminately persecuted purely due to divergence of faith. In sharp contrast to the intolerance, it is an irrefutable fact that Islam and its laws are pluralistic and coexistent. It fervently supports the freedom of religion, beliefs and diversifying theological systems. In an Islamic society, the life, property and honour of a Covenant holder (Dhimmi) is fully protected and respected exactly like that of a Muslim. Covenant holders (Dhimmis) will have full freedom of conscience and belief and will be at an absolute liberty to perform their religious rites and ceremonies in their own way. Truly, Islam and equity are synonymous to each other as indicative of the spirit, which it echoes, when even a non Muslim could not only conceptualizeits own ideas and beliefs but is fully permitted to positively advance dissenting ideas with decency and while remaining within the precincts of morality. The notion being perpetrated against Islam that it advocates extermination of every non Muslim from the surface of earth is nefariously aimed at tarnishing the true image of most benevolent and humane religion of Islam. Citing the precedent set forth in Pakistan, it is an undeniable fact that Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan explicitly recognizes the rights of Religious Minorities, while fully guaranteeing them the freedom of belief and faith, protecting and maintaining their places of worship and religious institutions. In consonance of various Constitutional Articles there shall be no discrimination (irrespective of being Muslim or non Muslim) on the grounds of race, religion, caste, sex etc. State shall be bound to safeguard their legitimate rights and their representation in Federal and Provincial legislative bodies. There is no, however, denying the fact that quite frequently grievances against the Misuse of Blasphemy Laws come to surface thereby Minorities misconstrue to be marginalized by the predominant Muslim Population. Going deep down to the problem, it appears to be a misperception. Both, state and saner elements of the society, firmly believe in equitable and just treatment to be meted out to Minorities and no discrimination and misuse under the garb of Blasphemy law is ever permitted. In an attempt to unleash negative propaganda against Muslims and Islam vociferous voices to repeal the Blasphemy Laws are raised which is totally irrational, illogical and unacceptable to majority Muslim Population. The contention against discriminate use of law is the utmost responsibility of state to effectively put in force the criminal justice system to obviate the chances of injustice and abuse of law. This has very rightly been pointed out and enforced by the superior judiciary through their various unambiguous, binding and authoritative judgments.
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زندہ ہے بھٹو

زندہ ہے بھٹو

                                                                                                                رضا زیدی

سیدھی بات ہے جو موت کو ،امیر المومنین علی ؑ کی سنت پر دلیری سے عمل پیرا ہوتے ہوئے ۔کامیابی سمجھ کر گلے سے لگائے وہ بھٹو بن جا تا ہے ۔اس کی زندگی کا مذاق اڑانے یا جلنے والے جلتے جلتے مر جاتے ہیں ۔مٹ جاتے ہیں اور بھٹو گردشِ لیل و نہارکے ساتھ ساتھ اپنی زندگی ،اپنے وجود اور اپنی خوشبو محسوس کراتا رہتا ہے ۔۔۔۔زندہ ہے بھٹو جلنے والے دفع دور رہیں ۔

جب تک سورج رہے گا

بھٹو تیرا نام رہے گا

یہ شخص ایک شکست خوردہ ملک کا سربراہ تھا ۔سامنے والی خاتون فاتح تھی اور اس کی قید میں اس شخص کی نوے ہزار سپاہ تھی اور اس کی زمین کا خاطر خواہ حصہ اس خاتون کے قبضے میں تھا ۔پھر بھی اس شخص کے چہرے پر اعتماد اطمینان اور اس کی بدن بولی دیکھیے ۔ایک شکست خوردہ ملک کا صدر مذکرات کی میز پر وہ سب کچھ جیت گیا جو ہم ممیدانِ جنگ میں ہار چکے تھے ۔

 

اسلام میں عورت کے حق طلاق کی حیثیت ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

Of the several factors that justify the greatness of Islamic Culture and survived the test of time, one is the pride of place ascribed to woman in human society. Since the dawn of Islamic civilization, woman has been respected and cored and her rights have been protected and, thus, womanfolk has been made a purposeful existence. However, Islam, being a religion of nature, does not bring woman on the line of equality with man as the Islam is the religion of justice; not that of equality. The Holy Quran has very apparently determined the rights and duties of man and woman and these all are based on natural facts and laws as well. In the contemporary times, progressive as well as west-inspired circles of our society have put numerous objections on the issue of divorce. They opine that by giving man right to divorce, woman has been deprived of equal status; hence this one-sided right has not only disturbed the family life, but put woman at an interior place. This point of view does not testify to the very facts of Islamic practices in connection with the institution of divorce. In order to understand the historical background of the institution of divorce, laws and practices in vogue in two major religions of the world-Judaism and Christianity, are discussed in a brief manner. Besides, various reforms, from time and again, introduced in divorce in west are also touched upon in nutshell. However, major portion of this article focuses on Islamic teachings regarding divorce and its implications. Therefore, this research article attempts to highlight the various aspects of divorce in the light of Islamicteachings in a comprehensive manner so as to remove the doubts of so-called west-oriented circles of our society.

Extremal Graphs With Respect to Degree Distance Index

In Chapter 1, some necessary definitions and results from graph theory are given along with a description on the progress towards the relationship of graph theory with other sciences like chemistry. Involvement of graph theory in Chemistry has emerged as a separate science known as chemical graph theory. In Chapter 2, we study the ordering of connected graphs having small degree distances. Families of graphs that are mainly considered there are trees, unicyclic graphs, bicyclic graphs and general simple connected graphs. While giving an order- ing to these graphs having small degree distances results were proved dealing with the diameter in ascending order. In Chapter 3, using the ideas presented in last chapter trees and unicyclic con- nected graphs were separately ordered with respect to the degree distance index (in increasing order). Same technique (as in Chapter 2) was used in proving the main results of this chapter i.e. dealing with the diameter of trees (resp. unicyclic graphs). A list of four trees and four extremal unicyclic graphs is given there. In Chapter 4, lower and upper bounds on degree distance index are determined in terms of various graphical parameters like Zagreb index, order, size, diameter, radius, minimum degree, and graphs for which these bounds are attained are characterized. Chapter 5 deals with an ordering of trees having small general sum-connectivity index. In last Chapter some comments are given, in the same chapter some open problems are also proposed.