فانی دنیا
جدوں دا تو رب رب کہنا بھل گئی
دُکھاں دی اُجاڑ وچ کونج وانگوں رل گئی
ویلا ہتھوں جان لگا پیا نوں منا لَے
پیا دے دوارے بہہ کے درشن پا لَے
جس ٹور پیا ٹورے من اوہ رضا لَے
ایویں جانیں جیویں تقدیر تیری کھل گئی
اوکھی سوکھی جیویں توں ایہہ زندگی نبھائی اے
موت ویلے لوکاں تینوں کفنی پوائی اے
بھین بھائی سارے تیرے پان گے دہائی اے
جیس ویلے روح تیری وطناں نوں جُل گئی
مال تے اولاد والی یاد تینوں آوے گی
اوس ویلے جان تیری بڑا پچھتاوے گی
چنگی کیتی نیکی جہڑی اوہو کم آوے گی
دل والی میل توبہ نال دھل گئی
لبھیا کی تینوں اس دنیا مکار توں
چھڈ سوہنے رب نوں تے ہوئی بڑی خوار توں
کسے نہیں او پچھنا جو ہوویں گی بیمار توں
ایویں کوڑی دنیا دی چمک اُتے ڈُل گئی
قادری دیؔ ایہہ گل توں پلے بنھ لَے
دنیا ناں رج کے تے ہک واری کھن لَے
گور وچ آوے گا سکون گل من لَے
جدوں اوتھے جنتاں دی وا گھل گئی
This scholarly research offers a comprehensive analysis of Rabbani's seminal work, 'Invisible People,' through the theoretical lens of Gayatri Chakraborty Spivak's postcolonial feminist perspective. The study investigates the experiences and challenges faced by marginalized populations in contemporary society, aiming to elucidate effective strategies for resistance against marginalization. Key focal points include Spivak's subaltern concept and the imperative of amplifying marginalized voices. The analysis critically examines Rabbani's portrayal of 'invisible people' (2017) as individuals bereft of agency and influence due to their marginalized status, exploring multiple forms of exclusion encompassing economic, social, and political dimensions. Moreover, the research delves into Rabbani's nuanced treatment of identity construction and the intricate intersections of marginalization. Applying Spivak's theory of strategic essentialism, the study scrutinizes how these individuals navigate their identities and mobilize collective resistance. Additionally, the research evaluates notions of agency and empowerment within Rabbani's narrative, investigating methodologies employed by marginalized groups to challenge entrenched power dynamics. Through Spivak's concept of "subaltern counter publics," the study examines the significance of grassroots movements, community organizing, and the establishment of alternative platforms for collective action. Ethical considerations within Spivak and Rabbani's frameworks are also addressed, highlighting the complexities and ethical responsibilities associated with representing marginalized populations. This research underscores the importance of reflexive researcher positionality when engaging with these narratives. Overall, this study provides a nuanced and insightful analysis of Rabbani's 'Invisible People' from a Spivakian perspective, contributing to the ongoing discourse on resistance, marginality, and social justice within this theoretical framework.
This research article gives an across-the-board comprehensive review and survey of the most prominent studies in the field of Urdu Optical Character Recognition (OCR). This study introduces the OCR technology and presents a historical review of the OCR systems, providing comparisons between the English, Arabic and Urdu systems. Detailed background and literature have also been provided for Urdu script, discussing the script’s past, OCR categories and phases. The research paper further reports all state-of-the-art studies for different phases, namely, image acquisition, pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification/recognition and post-processing for an Urdu OCR system. In the segmentation section, the analytical and holistic approaches for Urdu text have been emphasized. In the feature extraction section, a comparison has been provided between the feature learning and feature engineering approaches. Deep learning and traditional machine learning approaches have been discussed. The Urdu numeral recognition systems have also been deliberated concisely. The research paper concludes by identifying some open problems and suggesting some future directions.