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تعین المشار الیہ فی القران و اثرہ علی تفسیر ایاتہ الکریمة

Thesis Info

Author

خلیق الرحمن

Department

Department of Arabic

Program

PhD

Institute

National University of Modern Languages

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2009

Subject

Arabic Language

Language

Arabic

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728669358

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There are many demonstrative pronouns in the Holy Qur,aan and mostly their signified nouns are hidden, so in the fixation of these signified nouns; the interpreters of Holy Qur,aan have difference of opinion. Now the question is raised that this difference of opinion is a cause of different interpretation of Holy Qur,aan or not? So in this research, we have reached at the reality that the difference of opinion in these signified nouns is a cause of different interpretation of Holy Qur,aan. Now we will mention the short summary of this reality.These following demonstrative pronouns are mentioned in the Holy Qur,aan: 1() ھذا2() ھکذا 3() ماذا 4() من ذا 5() ھذہ 6() ھذان 7() ھاتین 8() ذانک 9() ذلک 10() ذلکما 11() ذلکم 12() ذلکن )13( تلک 14() أولاء 15() ھؤلاء 16() أولئک 17() أولئکم 18() ھھنا 19() ھنالک 20() ثم Mostly, their signified nouns are hidden, so in the fixation and interpretation of these hidden nouns, the difference of opinion has arisen; mainly this difference is an unreal and wordy warfare, because the interpreters express the indicated hidden nouns in their own words without fixation of them in Qur,aanic verse, so this difference of opinion has no result and effect at last. However there is a real contradiction also, in the indicated hidden nouns of these demonstrative pronouns except others: 1() ھذا 2() ھذہ 3() ذلک 4() ذلکم 5() تلک 6() أولاء 7() ھؤلاء 8() أولئک9()ھنالک 10() ثم The difference of opinion is mostly looked like real contradiction in first stage but after research and deeply study, we know that he is not so. Sometimes, the matter is probably against it. Sometimes, no difference of opinion in the fixation of indicated hidden noun but the interpretation of his demonstrative pronoun is more than one due to rhetorical manner. Sometimes, a demonstrative pronoun gives a significance when he connected with former sentence and gives other meaning when he related to latter sentence. Sometimes a demonstrative pronoun is a complete sentence with hidden words. I could not find any paraphrase of Holy Qur,aan who covers all of indicated hidden nouns which are mentioned in the interpretation of demonstrative pronouns, however the imam Abu Hayyan did effort to collect them but he could not cover. Similarly, Ibn-e-Jawzi also could not cover, although he did a great effort also. I did not find any paraphrase of Holy Qur,aan who expresses rhetorical winks and manners under the demonstrative pronouns and their indicated hidden nouns, however the Imam Abu Su,uood did this big effort with brevity in some stages, who has been certainly flambeau for me in rhetorical manner, So I explored and then expressed it with depth and detail by the grace of Allah. Similarly, I could not find any paraphrase of Holy Qur,aan who expressed morphological research about indicated hidden nouns of demonstrative pronouns, but I explained it by the help of Allah. In short, I expressed the real difference of opinions about interpretation of demonstrative pronouns and fixation of their indicated hidden nouns in Holy Qur,aan and his effects on interpretation of Holy Qur,aan with morphological, syntactical and rhetorical winks and manners, due to clearness of words, meanings and to relate between them and to explain the difference of opinions and his effects. All are based on 1087 verses of Holy Qur,aan.
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مولانا محمد سورتی

مولانا محمد سُورتی ؒ
پچھلے مہینہ کا سب سے اندوہناک علمی حادثہ مولانا محمد سورتی کی وفات ہے، مرحوم اس عہد کے مستثنیٰ دل و دماغ اور حافظہ کے صاحب علم تھے، جہاں تک میری اطلاع ہے اس وقت اتنا وسیع النظر، وسیع المطالعہ، کثیر الحافظہ عالم موجود نہیں، صرف و نحو، لغت و ادب و اخبار و انساب و رجال کے اس زمانہ میں در حقیقت وہ امام تھے، وہ چند ماہ سے مرض استسقا میں مبتلا تھے، علی گڑھ میں ان دنوں قیام تھا اور وہیں ۷؍ اگست کو بروز جمعہ وفات پائی۔
مرحوم کا اصلی وطن سورت (گجرات) تھا، وطن میں ابتدائی تعلیم پاکر یہ دلّی آئے اور رامپور میں مولانا محمد طیب صاحب مکی کا تلمذ حاصل کیا، میری ان کی پہلی ملاقات ۱۹۰۸؁ء میں ہوئی، جب مولانا طیب مکی رامپور چھوڑ کر دارالعلوم ندوہ لکھنؤ میں ادیب اول کے عہدہ پر فائز تھے، فاضل استاد کے ساتھ یہ لائق شاگرد بھی لکھنؤ وارد ہوا اور اس زمانہ سے لے کر اخیر تک ان کے ساتھ میری علمی رفاقت اور ذاتی دوستی کا سلسلہ قائم رہا، معارف بھی ان کے رشحات قلم سے کبھی کبھی مستفید ہوتا رہا ہے۔
مرحوم اس فضل و کمال کے باوجود ہمیشہ پریشان حال رہے اور کہیں ایک جگہ جم کر بیٹھنا ان کو نصیب نہ ہوا، اس کا نتیجہ یہ ہوا کہ ان کے علم سے استفادہ بہت کم کیا جاسکا اور کوئی کارآمد تصنیف بھی اپنی یادگار نہ چھوڑ سکے اور نہ کوئی لائق شاگرد ہی ان کا قائم مقام ہوسکا، البتہ چند جسمانی اولاد ان کی یادگار ہیں۔
ایک زمانہ میں جامعہ ملیہ دہلی میں معلم رہے، پھر بنارس کے جامعہ رحمانیہ میں مدرس ہوئے، بعد کو بمبئی میں ایک اہلحدیث مدرسہ میں حدیث کا درس دینے لگے تھے، ٹونک کے مشہور کتب خانہ کی...

The Origin and Evolution of Sufism

The early Sufis believed that there were two dimensions to the revelations received by the Prophet, words of the Qur’an in their appearance, and the divine inspiration in his heart. This divinely inspired knowledge in the heart, Sufis claim, was gifted to only a chosen few, who contemplated and longedfor nearness with the creator. The early Sufis also laid emphasis on one of the basic tenets of Islam i. e. ihsan. Ihsan is that level of devotion where the devotee is completely absorbed in the worship of God. The ultimate aim of the Sufis is to raise the level of ihsan to experience the presence ofGod. Since the Last Prophet (s. a. w.) was paragon of virtues including ihsan, it was assumed that Sufism or Tasawwuf originatedfrom the Prophet himself. This paper aims to focus on the point of origin of tasawwuf, on the one hand and the need for its revival, on the other.

Raman Spectroscopy Based Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection in Human Blood Serum

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a mosquito born infectious disease. Its diagnostic is utmost important for treatment, as the symptoms of disease are quite similar to other diseases. Current pathological diagnostics methods available are reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RT-PCR is used to detect the virus itself while ELISA is used to detect non-structural protein-1 (NS1) and antibodies like immunoglobulin-M (IgM) and immunoglobulin-G (IgG). Existing methods e.g. virus isolation, RT-PCR and ELISA have certain disadvantages like more time consuming, false-positive/false-negative results and expensive as compared to Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopic technique provides molecular signatures, minimum running cost and online results. Raman spectra of biological samples combined with a suitable statistical data-mining technique like partial least squares (PLS) regression can be used to devise a new method for diagnosis of DENV infection in human blood sera. In present studies, this technique is successfully applied for the diagnostic of DENV infection based on three steps. A graphical user interface (GUI) was specially designed and its code was developed in MATLAB (Mathworks 2009a) programming language to implement PLS for the presented research work. First step: Raman spectra of ELISA confirmed NS1 positive and negative sera samples are discriminated by PLS regression. Analysis of regression coefficients, which differentiate these groups, shows an increasing trend for phosphatidylinositol, ceramide and amide-III, and a decreasing trend for thiocyanate in the DENV infected serum. Second step: Raman spectra of samples, with known value of ELISA based AI of IgM are discriminated by PLS regression. Analysis of regression coefficients revealed that concentration of asparagine, glutamate, galactosamine etc. were found to increase while concentration of fructose, cholesterol, cellobiose, and arabinose were found to decrease with increasing values of antibody index (AI) of IgM. Third step: Raman spectra of samples, with known value of ELISA based AI of IgG are discriminated by PLS regression. Analysis of regression coefficients revealed that myristic acid, coenzyme-A, alanine etc. were found to increase, while amide III, collagen, proteins, fatty acids, phospholipids and fucose were found to decrease with increasing values of AI of IgG. Raman spectroscopy provides not only the diagnosis of DENV infection, but it also enables the detailed insight of the abnormalities appearing in molecular composition of a sample. Importantly, Raman spectra @ 532 nm excitation were used to investigate the possible use of lactate as biomarker for DENV infection. It was found that spectral difference in healthy and infected samples is due to an elevated level of lactate in DENV infected group.