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Bilingualism as Teaching Aid in a Language Class: L1 as a Facilitator in Teaching/Learning Process of L2 at Intermediate/Certificate Level

Thesis Info

Author

Naz Sultana

Department

Department of English

Program

PhD

Institute

National University of Modern Languages

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2009

Subject

English Language

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728693867

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The Role of Media in the Development and Promotion of English in Pakistan This research study is centered on the role of media in the development and promotion of English in Pakistan. It relates to the national process and to the process of globalization in terms of information through T.V, radio and newspapers. It also deals with the challenges in this field, due to the advent of science and technology plus current innovations in this mode of communication. In recent years the media in Pakistan has developed at a fast pace and English has become one of its prominent languages. However, its lack of understanding by 90% of the population has created serious gaps in internal communication. To bridge the existing gap, the study looks at how media can be instrumental in the spread of English language and be a useful tool for improving the English language teaching situation. The study addresses the topic by taking a look at the language situation in Pakistan. Unlike many post colonial states which replaced English with indigenous languages, Pakistan retained English as an official language. However due to lack of a clear cut language policy towards English language teaching it has remained a controversial issue, badly affecting the process of education and development. This has impacted the language situation and its impact leads us to think and reinvent the role of media for teaching it. Given its premier position as the language of international commerce and science, proficiency in English is increasingly acknowledged as vital attribute for any state attempting to establish itself as knowledge based economy. This need is imperative as we are living in a global world. Globalization and issues related to it force us to have a futuristic vision. There is a need to equip our people to meet the demands of modern education. Therefore, we must introduce our students to it at an early stage and provide this opportunity to a large number of people as opposed to the privileged few. Electronic and print media by introducing English to the neglected sector of the society can play a unifying role to integrate the nation. It is in this back drop, the findings of the study are expected to suggest an essential direction of using media for instructional purposes, particularly to bring a constructive change in English language teaching in the country. A multi-method approach has been applied for the collection and analysis of the data. This has been done as triangulation yields more reliable results. This study has been concluded with the hope that media will look into this vital area and fulfill its responsibilities.
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آرزو
اے نقطہ راز کے واقف۔۔۔!
اے نقطہ راز کے واقف۔۔۔!
پہچان کے درویش۔۔۔و مِن الاصحاب عشق کا دعوی کرنے والے!
اے آشناء مستی کے روبرو۔۔۔!
افاعیل میں زحافات کی تقطیع کے اصلاحی علائم کو!
نظم میںمشخص کرنے والے۔۔۔!
ستیہ پال آنند، امجد اسلام امجد اور علی محمد فرشی مجھ سے بولتے نہیں
خالد سجاد ، اظہر عباس اور نعیم گیلانی تھکے ہوئے ہیں
ماجد مشتاق، افتخار شفیع اور شبیر بٹ سوئے ہوئے ہیں
ہوا شبنمی خوشبو کے ہم رکاب چل رہی ہے
چاندنی خشک کوزوں میں اترتے ہوئے!
محبت پہ درود اور چاہت پر سلام پڑھ رہی ہے
اب تم ہی آجاؤ نا۔۔۔!
ہم ترجیحی تدوین۔۔۔اختصار ترکیب پہ نہ سہی۔۔۔!
چلو نثری نظم پہ ہی مناظرہ کرتے ہیں

احادیث نبویہ میں وارد احکام حیوانات کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Pakht┴n society has its own justice system which has different types of penalties and remedies to maintain the justice in the society. This study concentrates to investigate the nature of pecuniary punishment’s practice in distressing issues like killing, civil injuries and criminal offences. Perpetrators are punished to resolve the disputes. On one hand, this paper aims to find out answer to the methods of inflicting decisions in Pakhtan’s cult and on other hand, to shed light on the legal status of arbitration regarding resolving such issues in the light of Qur’an and Sunnah. Study results illustrate that in some cases the offenders are charged in term of money to facilitate the victims, while in other cases both of the parties, perpetrators and victims, are called upon on meal for reconciliation of their dispute. Besides this, sometimes it is observed that the offenders are not only awarded pecuniary punishment but they are exiled as well.

Improving the Teaching of Reading Comprehension in English As a Foreign Language Classroom in Karachi

In most Urdu medium public schools of Pakistan English language teachers use Grammar Translation Method to teach English, consequently, affecting students' language learning in term of skills like speaking, reading, writing and listening' Recognizing this as an indication of the teachers’ unawareness of the innovative language teaching strategies, this study was planned how English language teachers could be helped in order to improve the teaching of Reading Comprehension (RC) in public schools in a multilingual context of Karachi, Pakistan. Qualitative approach using collaborative action research within the cyclic process of observe, reflect, act, and plan was used to study the situation. One English language teacher from a public school was exposed to different Reading Comprehension strategies like, pre-, while and post-reading activities such as guessing, predicting, skimming, scanning, vocabulary and comprehension questions. Data were collected through reflective journals, pre- and post-intervention interviews, informal discussions, classroom observations and field notes' In addition, four randomly selected students' works from the teacher's class were collected to look at the effectiveness of teaching from perspective of students' learning. The study revealed that the teacher was using GTM method without engaging students in Reading Comprehension process through different Reading Strategies (RS) such as predicting, guessing, skimming, and scanning, etc. The action helped the teacher to improve Teaching of Reading Comprehension (TRC); was able to develop lesson plans, learnt to implement the new strategies and to some extent improved reflective practices. Similarly, the action enhanced students' RC, developed motivation and interest and helped to deeply understand the problem from different dimensions; interconnectivity of different factors like, system of examination, family background of the students', school's context, etc., relating to the TRC process while working in the natural environment and inform the policy management. The findings of the study imply that in order to improve the TRC in EFL context teachers' critical engagement in different professional programs inside and outside the school is necessary.