Psychosocial Nurturing of Children in Islam

Psychosocial nurturing of children is linked with Parenting and personality development theories and child development theories too report evidences of influences of parenting on children nurturing. The purpose of this paper is to explore existing parenting styles in current literature and how these parenting styles influence upon and form the personality of the children in their early years. The paper aims to examine parenting with reference to authoritarian parenting, authoritative parenting, permissive parenting and uninvolved parenting. It discussed the expectations and responsiveness of the parents which determine their behavior and style. Through parenting, psychosocial nurturing of the children is determined and it was explained in existing literature and analyzed in Islamic teachings. The study followed a critical interpretivist method which examined the literature and conducted content analysis. The study examines the parenting concept and parenting style in Islamic teachings. Islam lays special emphasis on communication and attitude of the parents towards their children particularly in early childhood. Parenting style in Islamic teaching displays a loving and guiding mode. It is less demanding and more responsive in early years. Parenting in Islamic teaching encourages developing tolerance, harmony and peace. It shows flexibility to accept children’s dispositions and tries to discipline their inner faculties. Islamic teachings expect from parents to be responsive with love and passion. It gives children freedom to talk, walk, think and act in a carefree environment where they can become socially and emotionally strong. Parenting in Islam accepts children’s interests and attitudes with positive responses and respects their rights with warmth and love. It particularly develops moral awareness so that children can distinguish between right and wrong and also understand that they need to abide by rules and regulations. Lastly literature also reports that parenting in Islam does not allow any sort of harassment, coercion, frightening and unjust environment for the little angels.

Dynamic Models of Non-Reaction and Reactive Liquid Chromatography: Derivation of Analytical and Numerical Solutions

Dynamic Models of Non-Reactive and Reactive Liquid Chromatography: Derivation of Analytical and Numerical Solutions Chromatography is an effective technique used in the analytical chemistry for separation, identification and quantification of mixture components. Reactive chromatography is an integrated process which combines chemical or biochemical reactions with the chromatographic separation. These techniques have gained wide recognition in petrochemical, fine chemical, pharmaceutical, bio-technical and food industries. This work is focused on the the analysis of linear models of non-reactive and reactive liquid chromatography incorporating both fully porous and the core-shell particles. The model equations incorporate axial dispersion, external and intra particle pore diffusions, interfacial mass transfer, and irreversible and reversible first order heterogeneous reactions. In most of the liquid chromatographic operations, the sample volume is very small (i.e. in microliters) and diluted. Thus, the current linear assumptions are valid. Semi-analytical solutions of the model equations are derived by successively applying the Laplace transformation and eigen-decomposition technique. To gain further confidence on the analytical results, a high resolution finite volume scheme (HR-FVS) is implemented to numerically investigate the same model equations. Analytical and numerical temporal moments of the elution profiles are presented. These moments can be used to further analyze the solute transport behavior. Moreover, relationships are derived among the essential kinetic parameters of different models considering core-shell particles. Such particles are helpful for rapid and better separation of complex mixtures with a reasonably low back pressure. Extensive case studies of practical interest are carried out to measure the effects of different kinetics and reaction parameters on the conversion and separation of sample components. The results obtained can be utilized to optimize the process and to estimate model parameters from the experimental results.