ہائی جیکنگ کیس
ہائی جیکنگ کیس میں 1983تا1985ء تک چھ افراد کو دہشت گرد قرار دے کر ملٹری کورٹ نے انہیں پھانسی کی سزا دی ۔ان سب کا تعلق PSFسے تھا ۔
ناصر بلوچ
پیپلز پارٹی کا یہ سپوت 1955میں صوبہ سندھ میں پیدا ہوا ۔میٹرک کے بعد پاکستان سٹیل ملز کراچی میں بطور ڈرائیور بھرتی ہوا ۔اس پر الزام تھا کہ اس نے سٹیل ملز کی بس میں تینوں ہائی جیکروں سلام اﷲ ٹیپو،ناصر جمال اور راشد ٹیگی کو دہشت گردوں کی مدد کے لیے ائیر پورٹ پہنچایا ۔ ملٹری کورٹ نے انہیں موت کی سزادی۱ور1984ء میں اسے اس وقت پھانسی دی گئی جب وہ جیل میں FAامتحان دے رہا تھا ۔
Ijmāʿ is an important mode of Ijtihād and well known principle of Islamic Sharʿiah. Historically it is evident that incidence of Ijmāʿ )Consensus( restricted only to four Caliphates of Islam only. This Collective Ijtihād and Collective Opinion was actually the decision of the Islamic State followed and obeyed by the all Muslims specially by "Ṣaḥābah" (Companions of the Holy Prophet), this is why it is called Ijmāʿ-e- Ṣaḥābah. These decisions were applicable and binding to all Muslims living elsewhere in the world, because at that time there was centralized ruling system (Khilāfat-e-Wāḥidah). Now Muslim world has split into many states, so every state has its own decision making institutions and hence such Ijtihād and Ijmāʿ, Islamic Legislation Activities should be validated within those states as Ijtihād and Ijmāʿ except issues relevant to general interest as whole human being and all Muslims. In such issues International level consensus of Islamic Jurists would be required. "Ijmāʿ", actually it is the same processes. More over any "Ijmāʿ" held in a time period can be revoked by any new situation in future as per requirement of the time. It is the inevitable demand of dynamism of Islam to correlate it to every need of the time.
Charged particle induced nuclear reactions for the production of 52Fe and 72As were studied. A critical analysis led to consider proton induced nuclear reaction sections on 72Ge, 73Ge, 74Ge and 76Se to investigate for the production of 72As while for the production of 52Fe, the proton induced reactions on 58Ni, 55Mn and alpha induced reaction on 50Cr were chosen. The experimental results obtained via 72Ge(p, n)72As, 73Ge(p, 2n)72As, 74Ge(p, 3n)72As, 76Se (p, x)72As and 58Ni (p, x) 52Fe, 50Cr (4He, 2n) 52Fe and 55Mn(p,4n)52Fe reactions were compared with the results of nuclear model calculations using the codes ALICE-IPPE, EMPIRE 3.2 and TALYS 1.9 to check the reliability and discrepancy in the experimental data. Polynomial fittings were applied using Origin-Lab Pro 2017 to maintain the consistency of experimental and calculated data. Recommended data were generated using the well-established evaluation methodology. The thick target yields (TTY) of 52Fe and 72As is calculated from the recommended excitation functions. Analysis of radionuclidic impurities was also discussed for both radionuclides. Comparison of the various radionuclidic impurities is done. On the basis of TTY and radio-nuclidic impurity analysis; the production routes and optimum energy ranges for the production of 52Fe and 72As are proposed. Our evaluation scheme showed that for the production of 52Fe via 55Mn(p,4n)52Fe reaction, energy ranges from 70→45 MeV could be the method of choice, which gives high yield with minimum impurities to make it as a potential candidate for theranostic applications in nuclear medicine and in particular, Positron Emission Tomography (PET). For the 72As; 72Ge(p, n)72As reaction in the energy ranges 10→20 MeV is the optimized nuclear reaction with a negligible impurity ratio and maximum production yield. Being in the low energy range, a small cyclotron can be engaged for the production of 72As to be used it in the medical applications.