Knowledge about evidence based pharmaceutical care in medical and non-medical population of Lahore, Pakistan Evidence Based Pharmaceutical Care

Pharmaceutical care related services provided by pharmacists in the community are mainly taking patients' medication history, informing patients about use of medications, informing patients about medication storage, and provide information about drug and/or food interaction. Objective: Toevaluate the knowledge about evidence based pharmaceutical care in medical and non-medicalpopulation of Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A sample of 100 participants was drawn by using non-convenient sampling in this cross-sectional survey. Survey was conducted within the duration of 6 months from 2nd June, 2020 to 15th December, 2020. Data was collected from participants of different universities, societies and hospitals, having age between 25-40 years, both genders without discrimination of profession. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Qualitative data was calculated using frequencies and percentages. Results: In this study 63% medical and 37% non-medical participants respond to questionnaire. About 34% of the population had knowledge about pharmaceutical care. Almost 23%had lack of knowledge about pharmaceutical care while 43%participants did not respond. Conclusions: The knowledge about pharmaceutical care in general community is very vital and pharmacist shouldprovide knowledge and pharmaceutical care services to the patients.

Quality Framework for Polymer Based Composite Manufacturing Industries a Case Study on Pakistan

In the composite products, main attributes to quality problems are design flaws, defects in manufacturing process, material inconsistencies, use of primitive technology, unqualified manpower and defective machines. This research is aimed to integrate the variables involved in design, material, key process control parameters, and testing of polymer composite manufacturing into one generic framework affecting the product quality. To test and validate the proposed framework experimental work was accomplishedand Taguchi method was applied in research. Quantity 27 polymer composite laminates were manufactured according to Taguchi L27 orthogonal array by varying thirteen key parametersincluding weight, thickness, fiber pattern, core type, matrix, resin harden mixing time, layup pattern, temperature, viscosity, tooling, labor, cure and process techniques. Flexure strength and Compressive strength were defined as quality characteristics. Accordingly effect of selected control parameters on flexural properties and compressive properties were studied through destructive testing of test specimens sectioned from 27 laminates. Study results reveal that there is major effect of tooling type, cure,fibre pattern and layup pattern are the most important variables influencing flexure stress whereas resin hardens mixing time, matrix, fibre pattern and process techniques on flexure strain. Fibre pattern, layup pattern, viscosity and matrix have substantial effect on compressive stress whereas fibre pattern, labour, process techniques and cure have significant effect on compressive modulus.The optimized levels of each control parameters for flexure stress, flexure strain, compressive stress and compressive modulus were obtained and results were validated through predictive analysis. The optimized levels predicted the best combination of control parameters to maximize the quality characteristics defined as flexure and compressive properties of polymer composite laminates. Findings of this study and proposed framework are useful for polymer composite application in aviation, sports, mechanical, civil industries and automobile.